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背景

整理一下常用的Docker命令

常用命令

帮助命令

1、查看版本

$ docker versionClient:Version:       18.03.0-ceAPI version:   1.37Go version:    go1.9.4Git commit:    0520e24302Built: Fri Mar 23 08:31:36 2018OS/Arch:       windows/amd64Experimental:  falseOrchestrator:  swarmServer: Docker Engine - CommunityEngine:  Version:      19.03.5  API version:  1.40 (minimum version 1.12)  Go version:   go1.12.12  Git commit:   633a0ea838  Built:        Wed Nov 13 07:28:45 2019  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64  Experimental: falsecontainerd:  Version:      v1.2.10  GitCommit:            b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339runc:  Version:      1.0.0-rc8+dev  GitCommit:            3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657docker-init:  Version:      0.18.0  GitCommit:            fec3683

2、查看详细信息

$ docker infoContainers: 2Running: 1Paused: 0Stopped: 1Images: 2Server Version: 19.03.5Storage Driver: overlay2Backing Filesystem: extfsSupports d_type: trueNative Overlay Diff: trueLogging Driver: json-fileCgroup Driver: cgroupfsPlugins:Volume: localNetwork: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlayLog: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslogSwarm: inactiveRuntimes: runcDefault Runtime: runcInit Binary: docker-initcontainerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657init version: fec3683Security Options:seccomp  Profile: defaultKernel Version: 4.14.154-boot2dockerOperating System: Boot2Docker 19.03.5 (TCL 10.1)OSType: linuxArchitecture: x86_64CPUs: 1Total Memory: 989.5MiBName: defaultID: XKXE:UYOL:PRQH:OYPM:DOWD:OBDF:4ZWT:FBKX:XAA7:QTCA:RQMD:SJYKDocker Root Dir: /mnt/sda1/var/lib/dockerDebug Mode (client): falseDebug Mode (server): falseRegistry: https://index.docker.io/v1/Labels:provider=virtualboxExperimental: falseInsecure Registries:127.0.0.0/8Registry Mirrors:https://r7g9xefx.mirror.aliyuncs.com/Live Restore Enabled: false

3、查看可用命令

$ docker --helpUsage:  docker COMMANDA self-sufficient runtime for containersOptions:      --config string      Location of client config files (default                           "C:\\Users\\songzeceng\\.docker")  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level                           ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal")                           (default "info")      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default                           "C:\\Users\\songzeceng\\.docker\\machine\\machines\\default\\ca.pem")      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default                           "C:\\Users\\songzeceng\\.docker\\machine\\machines\\default\\cert.pem")      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default                           "C:\\Users\\songzeceng\\.docker\\machine\\machines\\default\\key.pem")      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote (default true)  -v, --version            Print version information and quitManagement Commands:  config      Manage Docker configs  container   Manage containers  image       Manage images  network     Manage networks  node        Manage Swarm nodes  plugin      Manage plugins  secret      Manage Docker secrets  service     Manage services  swarm       Manage Swarm  system      Manage Docker  trust       Manage trust on Docker images  volume      Manage volumesCommands:  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem  create      Create a new container  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem  events      Get real time events from the server  exec        Run a command in a running container  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive  history     Show the history of an image  images      List images  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image  info        Display system-wide information  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects  kill        Kill one or more running containers  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN  login       Log in to a Docker registry  logout      Log out from a Docker registry  logs        Fetch the logs of a container  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container  ps          List containers  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry  rename      Rename a container  restart     Restart one or more containers  rm          Remove one or more containers  rmi         Remove one or more images  run         Run a command in a new container  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)  search      Search the Docker Hub for images  start       Start one or more stopped containers  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics  stop        Stop one or more running containers  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE  top         Display the running processes of a container  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers  update      Update configuration of one or more containers  version     Show the Docker version information  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codesRun 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

镜像命令

1、列出本地镜像

$ docker imagesREPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEscrapinghub/splash   latest              4ddd2efcb0df        8 weeks ago         2.17GBhello-world          latest              fce289e99eb9        14 months ago       1.84kB

选项：

1）、列出本地镜像，含中间镜像层

$ docker images -aREPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEscrapinghub/splash   latest              4ddd2efcb0df        8 weeks ago         2.17GBhello-world          latest              fce289e99eb9        14 months ago       1.84kB

2）、只列出本地镜像id

$ docker images -q4ddd2efcb0dffce289e99eb9

3）、列出本地镜像和说明

$ docker images --digestsREPOSITORY           TAG                 DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEscrapinghub/splash   latest              sha256:01c89e3b0598e904fea184680b82ffe74524e83160f793884dc88d184056c49d   4ddd2efcb0df        8 weeks ago         2.17GBhello-world          latest              sha256:fc6a51919cfeb2e6763f62b6d9e8815acbf7cd2e476ea353743570610737b752   fce289e99eb9        14 months ago       1.84kB

4）、列出本地镜像和完整说明

$ docker images --digests --no-truncREPOSITORY           TAG                 DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED             SIZEscrapinghub/splash   latest              sha256:01c89e3b0598e904fea184680b82ffe74524e83160f793884dc88d184056c49d   sha256:4ddd2efcb0df639651607fe30ad532abf14e19c2c8f7d2b3c7f5eedfb7dbe4ce   8 weeks ago         2.17GBhello-world          latest              sha256:fc6a51919cfeb2e6763f62b6d9e8815acbf7cd2e476ea353743570610737b752   sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e   14 months ago       1.84kB

2、查询某个镜像的名字

$ docker search tomcatNAME                          DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATEDtomcat                        Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2654                [OK]tomee                         Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif…   75                  [OK]dordoka/tomcat                Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 base…   53                                      [OK]bitnami/tomcat                Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                     31                                      [OK]kubeguide/tomcat-app          Tomcat image for Chapter 1                      28consol/tomcat-7.0             Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin"              17                                      [OK]cloudesire/tomcat             Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            15                                      [OK]aallam/tomcat-mysql           Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL              12                                      [OK]....

其中official标签下为ok的是官方镜像

3、下载镜像

$ docker pull mysqlUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/mysql68ced04f60ab: Pull completef9748e016a5c: Pull completeda54b038fed1: Pull complete6895ec5eb2c0: Pull complete111ba0647b87: Pull completec1dce60f2f1a: Pull complete702ec598d0af: Pull complete4aba2fcbe869: Pull completeb26bbbd533e6: Pull complete7bd100a66c55: Pull complete74149336419a: Pull complete145ea1f01648: Pull completeDigest: sha256:4a30434ce03d2fa396d0414f075ad9ca9b0b578f14ea5685e24dcbf789450a2cStatus: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest

检验下载的镜像

$ docker imagesREPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEmysql                latest              9b51d9275906        2 days ago          547MBtomcat               latest              4e7840b49fad        9 days ago          529MBscrapinghub/splash   latest              4ddd2efcb0df        8 weeks ago         2.17GBhello-world          latest              fce289e99eb9        14 months ago       1.84kB

4、删除镜像

$ docker rmi -f hello-worldUntagged: hello-world:latestUntagged: hello-world@sha256:fc6a51919cfeb2e6763f62b6d9e8815acbf7cd2e476ea353743570610737b752Deleted: sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e

镜像名(hello-world)后面可以加版本号(hello-world:3.2)，默认最新

删除后检验

$ docker imagesREPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEmysql                latest              9b51d9275906        2 days ago          547MBtomcat               latest              4e7840b49fad        9 days ago          529MBscrapinghub/splash   latest              4ddd2efcb0df        8 weeks ago         2.17GB

选项：

1）、批量删除

$ docker rmi -f mysql hello-world...

2）、删除全部

$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)Untagged: mysql:latestUntagged: mysql@sha256:4a30434ce03d2fa396d0414f075ad9ca9b0b578f14ea5685e24dcbf789450a2cDeleted: sha256:9b51d9275906910446e03bb86e16a0fe0051d6518ba7ae39c8780fc2323fd637Deleted: sha256:3b5f20d41feb31513164dab347e9f5bea57dc9c644819aeea2dd5cbb7c7213bfDeleted: sha256:0c9402cadbef6d34b3c8db27a0d793011c2de41cabc14354734752ec7bd325c1...

检验之

$ docker imagesREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

5、提交容器副本，使之成为一个新的镜像

$ docker commit -a "szc" -m "tomcat of szc" 73832de15319  szc/tomcat:1.1sha256:6d1afa72732ce3c920783e9ce354559ec64ffde81cb453c887640b17b2582b59

-a指定作者，-m指定提交信息，后面的73832de15319 为要提交的容器id，最后szc/tomcat:1.1为新镜像的名字和版本

$ docker imagesREPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZEszc/tomcat           1.1                 6d1afa72732c        About a minute ago   529MBtomcat               latest              4e7840b49fad        9 days ago           529MBcentos               latest              470671670cac        7 weeks ago          237MBscrapinghub/splash   latest              4ddd2efcb0df        8 weeks ago          2.17GB$ docker run -it -p 7777:8080 szc/tomcat:1.1

:后面是tag值，不加表示latest

容器命令

1、新建并运行一个镜像容器，并启动一个交互式的伪终端

$ docker run -it centos[root@92ef52a1b68f /]#

root@后面的92ef52a1b68f就是这个容器的id

选项：1）、以守护进程的方式运行容器，可以在run后面加上-d选项

$ docker run -d centos1b4eef18d21a2c9de9c99e9dbca3b675fe9e1f8ad45f031954a8d453e0b4a949$

此时如果用docker ps -a查看，会发现容器已经退出。因为容器运行的如果不是那些一直挂起的命令，就会立刻退出。

2）、也可以指定端口号，在run后面加上-p选项，后面跟上容器在docker上的端口:容器在宿主机上的端口

$ docker run -it -p 8080:8080 tomcat

2、列出所有运行着的容器

$ docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES92ef52a1b68f        centos              "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                            exciting_johnson

选项：列出历史上所有运行过的容器

$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES92ef52a1b68f        centos               "/bin/bash"              9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes                                         exciting_johnsona8c26efb021b        fce289e99eb9         "/hello"                 12 hours ago        Exited (0) 12 hours ago                              exciting_austinfb410e7667b4        scrapinghub/splash   "python3 /app/bin/sp…"   21 hours ago        Exited (255) 11 hours ago   0.0.0.0:8050->8050/tcp   reverent_swartz

最后面的名字可以在启动容器时使用--name指定，如下

$ docker run -i -t --name "szc" centos[root@916e23b387b1 /]#

然后在另一Quickstart Terminal使用docker ps时输出如下

$ docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES916e23b387b1        centos              "/bin/bash"         8 seconds ago       Up 8 seconds                            szc

3、容器退出

1）、容器停止退出

[root@92ef52a1b68f /]# exitexitsongzeceng@LAPTOP-GCPD2768 MINGW64 /d/develop/Docker Toolbox$

 命令行验证

$ docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES92ef52a1b68f        centos               "/bin/bash"              10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 49 seconds ago                            exciting_johnsona8c26efb021b        fce289e99eb9         "/hello"                 12 hours ago        Exited (0) 12 hours ago                              exciting_austinfb410e7667b4        scrapinghub/splash   "python3 /app/bin/sp…"   21 hours ago        Exited (255) 11 hours ago   0.0.0.0:8050->8050/tcp   reverent_swartz

2）、容器不停止退出：Ctrl+P+Q

此时再进去，可以用docker attach(不启动新的进程)

[root@bbf512a4aa58 /]#$ docker attach bbf512a4aa58[root@bbf512a4aa58 /]#

或者使用docker exec

$ docker exec -t bbf512a4aa58 /bin/bash[root@bbf512a4aa58 /]#

/bin/bash表示以root的身份进入容器终端

3）、如果只是执行一段命令，可以用exec(启动新的进程)

$ docker exec -t bbf512a4aa58 ls -l /tmp                                                                                total 8-rwx------ 1 root root  671 Jan 13 21:49 ks-script-_srt3u3c-rwx------ 1 root root 1379 Jan 13 21:49 ks-script-gpqu_kuo$

-t后面跟着容器id，再后面是要执行的命令

4、启动容器

$ docker start 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68f

start后面是容器id或容器名

5、重启容器

$ docker restart 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68f

restart后面是容器id或容器名

6、关闭容器

$ docker stop 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68f

或者

$ docker kill 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68f

7、删除已停止的容器

$ docker rm 92ef52a1b68f92ef52a1b68f

可以加上-f删除正在运行着的容器；如果要删除所有已停止的容器，可以输入如下命令

$ docker rm $(docker ps -a)1b4eef18d21a916e23b387b1exciting_austinfb410e7667b4...

8、查看容器日志

$ docker logs -t -f bbf512a4aa58[root@bbf512a4aa58 /]# ls -l2020-03-08T01:42:04.553406000Z total 48.....2020-03-08T01:42:34.398428190Z [root@bbf512a4aa58 /]# pwd2020-03-08T01:42:34.398477984Z /

其中-t表示显示日期，-f表示不断追加。下面是运行容器时执行的所有命令和输出

9、查看容器内部细节

$ docker inspect  bbf512a4aa58 [    {        "Id": "bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe",        "Created": "2020-03-08T01:41:24.391275544Z",        "Path": "/bin/bash",        "Args": [],        "State": {            "Status": "running",            "Running": true,            "Paused": false,            "Restarting": false,            "OOMKilled": false,            "Dead": false,            "Pid": 3571,            "ExitCode": 0,            "Error": "",            "StartedAt": "2020-03-08T01:41:24.584563557Z",            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"        },        "Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",        "ResolvConfPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe/resolv.conf",        "HostnamePath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe/hostname",        "HostsPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe/hosts",        "LogPath": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/containers/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe/bbf512a4aa589d193ca3808f496342a2eaa799dab636b8a7ee6323f6066985fe-json.log",        "Name": "/agitated_wilbur",        "RestartCount": 0,        "Driver": "overlay2",        "Platform": "linux",        "MountLabel": "",        "ProcessLabel": "",        "AppArmorProfile": "",        "ExecIDs": null,        "HostConfig": {            "Binds": null,            "ContainerIDFile": "",            "LogConfig": {                "Type": "json-file",                "Config": {}            },            "NetworkMode": "default",            "PortBindings": {},            "RestartPolicy": {                "Name": "no",                "MaximumRetryCount": 0            },            "AutoRemove": false,            "VolumeDriver": "",            "VolumesFrom": null,            "CapAdd": null,            "CapDrop": null,            "Capabilities": null,            "Dns": [],            "DnsOptions": [],            "DnsSearch": [],            "ExtraHosts": null,            "GroupAdd": null,            "IpcMode": "shareable",            "Cgroup": "",            "Links": null,            "OomScoreAdj": 0,            "PidMode": "",            "Privileged": false,            "PublishAllPorts": false,            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,            "SecurityOpt": null,            "UTSMode": "",            "UsernsMode": "",            "ShmSize": 67108864,            "Runtime": "runc",            "ConsoleSize": [                30,                120            ],            "Isolation": "",            "CpuShares": 0,            "Memory": 0,            "NanoCpus": 0,            "CgroupParent": "",            "BlkioWeight": 0,            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,            "CpuPeriod": 0,            "CpuQuota": 0,            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,            "CpusetCpus": "",            "CpusetMems": "",            "Devices": [],            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,            "DeviceRequests": null,            "KernelMemory": 0,            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,            "MemoryReservation": 0,            "MemorySwap": 0,            "MemorySwappiness": null,            "OomKillDisable": false,            "PidsLimit": null,            "Ulimits": null,            "CpuCount": 0,            "CpuPercent": 0,            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,            "MaskedPaths": [                "/proc/asound",                "/proc/acpi",                "/proc/kcore",                "/proc/keys",                "/proc/latency_stats",                "/proc/timer_list",                "/proc/timer_stats",                "/proc/sched_debug",                "/proc/scsi",                "/sys/firmware"            ],            "ReadonlyPaths": [                "/proc/bus",                "/proc/fs",                "/proc/irq",                "/proc/sys",                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"            ]        },        "GraphDriver": {            "Data": {                "LowerDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6a51489dbd3b188c7863e3e37cf344f20dbaa5528b5870f2d8e30ff3118a875-init/diff:/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/956a46cec26f803c02d493bde34cd3b2ef9b779d2df20629036fe96324ac5eb2/diff",                "MergedDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6a51489dbd3b188c7863e3e37cf344f20dbaa5528b5870f2d8e30ff3118a875/merged",                "UpperDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6a51489dbd3b188c7863e3e37cf344f20dbaa5528b5870f2d8e30ff3118a875/diff",                "WorkDir": "/mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b6a51489dbd3b188c7863e3e37cf344f20dbaa5528b5870f2d8e30ff3118a875/work"            },            "Name": "overlay2"        },        "Mounts": [],        "Config": {            "Hostname": "bbf512a4aa58",            "Domainname": "",            "User": "",            "AttachStdin": true,            "AttachStdout": true,            "AttachStderr": true,            "Tty": true,            "OpenStdin": true,            "StdinOnce": true,            "Env": [                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"            ],            "Cmd": [                "/bin/bash"            ],            "Image": "centos",            "Volumes": null,            "WorkingDir": "",            "Entrypoint": null,            "OnBuild": null,            "Labels": {                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",                "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",                "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",                "org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",                "org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"            }        },        "NetworkSettings": {            "Bridge": "",            "SandboxID": "1b44bd7ba751a5be73ce9f497b59487718d62444ea468d2199994acc898bde9b",            "HairpinMode": false,            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "Ports": {},            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/1b44bd7ba751",            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,            "EndpointID": "a25e990586b1166973b72e22bc85b4c8eed851b12a88a6bdb180755670d09fdd",            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",            "IPPrefixLen": 16,            "IPv6Gateway": "",            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",            "Networks": {                "bridge": {                    "IPAMConfig": null,                    "Links": null,                    "Aliases": null,                    "NetworkID": "ea6a244a17bafa7d0161cb9016496335d961f50b7380e6d730d8113fff1d9985",                    "EndpointID": "a25e990586b1166973b72e22bc85b4c8eed851b12a88a6bdb180755670d09fdd",                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,                    "IPv6Gateway": "",                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",                    "DriverOpts": null                }            }        }    }]

10、查看容器内运行着的进程

$ docker top bbf512a4aa58UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMDroot                3571                3549                0                   01:41               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash

11、把文件从容器复制到主机上

$ docker cp bbf512a4aa58:/tmp/ks-script-gpqu_kuo /

格式为docker cp 容器id:容器文件路径 目标路径

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