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目录

安装

•  pip install requests

快速上手

   发送请求

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Time    : 2021/5/5# @Author  : 大海import requests# 发送get请求r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')print(r)# 发送post请求r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data={'key': 'value'})print(r)# 发送PUT，DELETE，HEAD 以及 OPTIONS请求r1 = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data={'key': 'value'})r2 = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')r3 = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')r4 = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')print(r1, r2, r3, r4)

   传递URL参数

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Time    : 2021/5/5# @Author  : 大海import requests# 例如， http://httpbin.org/get?key=val&key2=value2payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)print(r.url)# 列表作为值传入payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': ['value2', 'value3']}r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)print(r.url)

   响应内容

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Time    : 2021/5/5# @Author  : 大海import requestsr = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')# 文本格式print(r.text)print(type(r.text))# 二进制格式print(r.content)print(type(r.content))# json格式print(r.json())print(type(r.json()))# 原始响应内容print(r.raw)print(type(r.raw))

   添加请求头

# 添加请求头,只要简单地传递一个 dict 给 headers 参数就可以了url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

   发送post请求

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Time    : 2021/5/5# @Author  : 大海import jsonimport requests# 发送post请求# 1.表单形式的数据，只需简单地传递一个字典给 data 参数payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)print(r.text)# 还可以为 data 参数传入一个元组列表。在表单中多个元素使用同一 key 的时候，这种方式尤其有效payload = (('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2'))r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)print(r.text)# 2.请求体-json格式数据url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'payload = {'some': 'data'}r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))# 使用 json 参数直接传递url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'payload = {'some': 'data'}r = requests.post(url, json=payload)# 3.上传文件url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}r = requests.post(url, files=files)print(r.text)# 显式地设置文件名，文件类型和请求头url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'files = {'file': ('report.xls', open('report.xls', 'rb'), 'application/vnd.ms-excel', {'Expires': '0'})}r = requests.post(url, files=files)print(r.text)

   响应信息

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Time    : 2021/5/5# @Author  : 大海import requestsr = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')# 响应状态码print(r.status_code)# 响应头print(r.headers)print(r.headers['Content-Type'])  # 获取响应头某些字段值print(r.headers.get('content-type'))

   Cookie

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Time    : 2021/5/5# @Author  : 大海import requests# 添加cookiesurl = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)print(r.text)# 获取cookies# print(r.cookies.get('cookie_name'))  # 示例，运行会报错# Cookie 的返回对象为 RequestsCookieJar，它的行为和字典类似，但接口更为完整，适合跨域名跨路径使用jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()jar.set('tasty_cookie', 'yum', domain='httpbin.org', path='/cookies')jar.set('gross_cookie', 'blech', domain='httpbin.org', path='/elsewhere')url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'r = requests.get(url, cookies=jar)print(r.text)

   超时与重定向

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Time    : 2021/5/5# @Author  : 大海import requestsr = requests.get('http://github.com')# 请求urlprint(r.url)# 请求历史print(r.history)# 重定向设置allow_redirects  True 允许，False 不允许r = requests.get('http://github.com', allow_redirects=False)print(r.status_code)print(r.history)# 超时设置,timeout  单位秒r = requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.5)print(r.status_code)