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• Cryptographic primitives are well-established, low-level cryptographic algorithms that are frequently used to build cryptographic protocols for computer security systems.

  These routines include, but are not limited to, one-way hash functions and encryption functions.

• Commonly used primitives

  • one-way hash function, sometimes also called as one-way compression function-compute a reduced hash value for a message.
  • Symmetric key cryptography - compute a ciphertext decodable with the same key used to encode
  • Public-key cryptography - compute a ciphertext decodable with a different key used to encode.
  • Digital signatures - confirm the author of a mesage
  • Mix network - pool communications from many users to anonymize what came from whom
  • Private information retrieval - get database information without server knowing which item was requested
  • Commitment scheme - allows one to commit to a chosen value while keeping it hidden to others, with the ability to reveal it later.

• References