本文共 4165 字，大约阅读时间需要 13 分钟。

1. 绘制直线的line函数

line(图像img,起点,终点,Scalar(0,0,0),线宽,线型)；

2. 绘制椭圆的ellipse函数

ellipse(图像img,Point(点x,点y),Size(长,宽),旋转角度,0,360,Scalar(B,G,R),线宽,线型)；

3. 绘制矩形的rectangle函数

rectangle(图像img,Point(起点x,起点y),Point(终点x,终点y),Scalar(0,255,255),线宽,线型)

4. 绘制圆的circle函数

circle(图像img,圆心坐标,半径,Scalar(0,0,255),线宽,线性)

注意：如果设置线宽为-1，则绘制的图形是实心的

5. 绘制填充多边形的fillPoly函数

fillPoly(图像img,顶点集,顶点数目,多边形数量,颜色,线形)

// 例子Point rookRoints[1][20];rookPoints[0][0]=Point(x0,y0);……rookPoints[0][19]=Point(x19,y19);const Point* ppt[1] = {
   rookPoints(0)};int npt[]={
   20};fillPoly(img,ppt,npt,1,Scalar(255,255,255),lineType);

例子

// By浅墨 毛星云#include
   
    #include
    
     using namespace std;using namespace cv;#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原子结构图】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 #define WINDOW_NAME2 "【图形组合test】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 #define WINDOW_WIDTH 600				  //定义窗口大小的宏// 绘制不同角度、尺寸相同的椭圆void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle) {
   	int thickness = 2;	int lineType = 8;	ellipse(img,		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2),		Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),		angle,		0,		360,		Scalar(255, 129, 0),		thickness,		lineType	);}// 绘制实心圆void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center){
   	int thickness = -1;	int lineType = 8;	circle(img,		center,		WINDOW_WIDTH / 32,		Scalar(0, 0, 255),		thickness,		lineType);}// 绘制凹多边形void DrawPolygon(Mat img){
   	int lineType = 8;	//创建一些点	Point rookPoints[1][20];	rookPoints[0][0] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][1] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][2] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);	rookPoints[0][3] = Point(11 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);	rookPoints[0][4] = Point(19 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][5] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][6] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][7] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][8] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);	rookPoints[0][9] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);	rookPoints[0][10] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][11] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][12] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);	rookPoints[0][13] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);	rookPoints[0][14] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][15] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][16] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][17] = Point(13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);	rookPoints[0][18] = Point(5 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);	rookPoints[0][19] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);	const Point* ppt[1] = {
    rookPoints[0] };	int npt[] = {
    20 };	fillPoly(img,		ppt,		npt,		1,		Scalar(255, 255, 255),		lineType);}// 绘制直线void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end){
   	int thickness = 2;	int lineType = 8;	line(img,		start,		end,		Scalar(0, 0, 0),		thickness,		lineType);}int main() {
   	Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);	Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);	//绘制 原子结构图	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 90);	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 0);	DrawEllipse(atomImage, 45);	DrawEllipse(atomImage, -45);	DrawFilledCircle(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2));	//绘制 组合图	DrawPolygon(rookImage);	rectangle(rookImage, Point(0, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),		Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),		Scalar(0, 255, 255),		-1, 8	);	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(0, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16));	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH));	DrawLine(rookImage, Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));	// 显示图像	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage);	moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200);	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage);	moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200);	waitKey(0);	return 0;}
    
   

参考书籍《OpenCV3编程入门》

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