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Spring Boot 整合 MongoDB 开发指南

环境准备

1. 引入依赖

在项目中添加 MongoDB 相关依赖：

   
       
    
     org.springframework.boot
        
    
     spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb
    
   

2. 配置文件编写

在 application.properties 中添加以下配置：

server:    port: 8088spring:    application:        name: mongdb-server    data:        mongodb:            uri: mongodb://hushang:123456@192.168.75.100:27017/test?authSource=admin            # URI 可转换为以下格式：            # database: test            # host: 192.168.75.100            # port: 27017            # username: hushang            # password: 123456            # authentication-database: admin

连接配置请参考 MongoDB 官方文档。

测试

创建测试主类 LearnMongodbApplicationTest，示例代码如下：

public class MongoTemplateTests extends LearnMongodbApplicationTest {    @Autowired    private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;    @Test    public void testCollection() {        boolean exists = mongoTemplate.collectionExists("emp");        if (exists) {            mongoTemplate.dropCollection("emp");        }        mongoTemplate.createCollection("emp");    }}

文档操作

相关注解

创建实体

实体类 Employee 示例：

@Data@Document("emp")@AllArgsConstructor@NoArgsConstructorpublic class Employee {    @Id    private Integer id;    @Field("username")    private String name;    @Field    private Integer age;    @Field    private Date createTime;    @Transient    private String script;}

插入文档

@Testpublic void testInsertDocument() {    Employee user = new Employee(1, "hushang", 25, new Date(), "这是一个测试数据");    Employee userSave = mongoTemplate.save(user);    // 或使用批量插入    List
   
     employeeList = new ArrayList<>();    employeeList.add(new Employee(2, "hushang", 25, new Date(), ""));    employeeList.add(new Employee(3, "hushang", 25, new Date(), ""));    employeeList.add(new Employee(4, "hushang", 25, new Date(), ""));    mongoTemplate.insert(employeeList, Employee.class);}
   

查询文档

@Testpublic void testFind() {    log.info("查询所有文档");    List
   
     employeeList = mongoTemplate.findAll(Employee.class);    employeeList.forEach(System.out::println);    log.info("查询单个文档");    Employee mongoTemplateById = mongoTemplate.findById(1, Employee.class);    System.out.println(mongoTemplateById);    log.info("findOne 查询");    Employee employeeByOne = mongoTemplate.findOne(new Query(), Employee.class);    System.out.println(employeeByOne);    log.info("条件查询");    Query query1 = new Query(Criteria.where("age").gt(18));    Query query2 = new Query(Criteria.where("age").gt(18).lt(28));    Query query3 = new Query(Criteria.where("name").regex("hu"));        log.info("复杂查询");    Criteria criteria = new Criteria();    criteria.andOperator(Criteria.where("age").gt(18), Criteria.where("name").is("hushang"));    Query query4 = new Query(criteria);    List
    
      result = mongoTemplate.find(query4, Employee.class);    System.out.println(result);    log.info("排序查询");    Query query5 = new Query();    query5.with(Sort.by(Sort.Order.desc("age")));        log.info("分页查询");    Query query6 = new Query();    query6.with(Sort.by(Sort.Order.desc("age")))           .skip(1)           .limit(2);}
    
   

更新文档

@Testpublic void testUpdate() {    Query query = new Query(Criteria.where("username").is("hushang"));    List
   
     employees = mongoTemplate.find(query, Employee.class);    System.out.println("更新前：" + employees);    Update update = new Update();    update.set("age", 18);    // 更新所有匹配的记录    UpdateResult updateResult = mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Employee.class);    System.out.println("更新结果：" + updateResult);}
   

删除文档

@Testpublic void testDelete() {    // 删除所有文档    mongoTemplate.remove(new Query(), Employee.class);    // 条件删除    Query query = new Query(Criteria.where("age").gte(45));    mongoTemplate.remove(query, Employee.class);}

小技巧：去掉 _class 属性

在 MongoConfig 中定义自定义映射：

@Configurationpublic class TulingMongoConfig {    @Bean    public MappingMongoConverter mappingMongoConverter(            MongoDatabaseFactory mongoDatabaseFactory,            MongoMappingContext context,            MongoCustomConversions conversions) {        DbRefResolver dbRefResolver = new DefaultDbRefResolver(mongoDatabaseFactory);        MappingMongoConverter mappingMongoConverter = new MappingMongoConverter(dbRefResolver, context);        mappingMongoConverter.setCustomConversions(conversions);        mappingMongoConverter.setTypeMapper(new DefaultMongoTypeMapper(null));        return mappingMongoConverter;    }}