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Page Object Models

Page对象模型在测试自动化领域越来越流行,它的出现为了改善测试维护性并减少代码重复。Page对象是一个面向对象的类,用于与页面的UI交互。使用Page对象的好处是,当页面的UI发生变化时,只需要修改Page对象中的代码即可,无需修改测试代码本身。

Page Object Benefits

使用Page对象具有以下优点:

Page Object Structure

Page对象的设计分为三个层级:

File夹名称中的备注信息仅供参考，请参阅下方图片。

common/basePage.py

以下是Page对象的一个示例类:

import loggingfrom . import pathPage as PGfrom selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriverfrom selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECclass BasePage:    def __init__(self, driver):        self.driver = driver            def page_waits(self, located, time_out, poll_frequency):        """获取元素等待"""        WebDriverWait(self.driver, time_out, poll_frequency).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(located))        def page_element_exists(self, located, image):        """判断页面元素是否存在"""        try:            WebDriverWait(self.driver, 20, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(located))        except Exception as e:            self.page_screenshot(image)            logging.error(located)            raise e        return True        def page_element(self, located, image):        """获取元素"""        try:            ele = self.driver.find_element(*located)        except Exception as e:            self.page_screenshot(image)            logging.error(ele)            raise e        return ele        def page_click(self, located, image):        """点击元素"""        self.page_waits(located, 20, 1)        ele_click = self.page_element(located, image)        try:            ele_click.click()        except Exception as e:            self.page_screenshot(image)            logging.error(located)            raise e        def page_clear(self, location, image):        """清空输入框"""        self.page_waits(location, 20, 1)        ele_clear = self.page_element(location, image)        try:            ele_clear.clear()        except Exception as e:            self.page_screenshot(image)            logging.error(location)            raise e        def page_send_keys(self, location, text, image):        """输入文本信息"""        self.page_waits(location, 20, 1)        ele_send_keys = self.page_element(location, image)        try:            ele_send_keys.send_keys(text)        except Exception as e:            self.page_screenshot(image)            logging.error(location)            raise e        def page_text(self, location, image):        """获取文本信息"""        self.page_waits(location, 20, 1)        ele_text = self.page_element(location, image)        try:            text_info = ele_text.text        except Exception as e:            self.page_screenshot(image)            logging.error(text_info)            raise e        return text_info

elementHandle/baiduHandle.py

以下是对百度搜索页面的处理类:

from .basePage import BasePagefrom .elementLocalization import BaiDuSearchclass HandleBaiDu:    def __init__(self, driver):        self.driver = driver        self.bd = BaiDuSearch()        self.bp = BasePage(self.driver)        def baidu_search(self, input_info):        """执行百度搜索"""        self.bp.page_send_keys(self.bd.search_input, input_info, '百度搜索输入框')        self.bp.page_click(self.bd.baidu_click, '鼠标点击百度一下')        def assert_search_result(self):        """断言搜索结果"""        return self.bp.page_element_is_exits(self.bd.assert_result, '断言搜索结果')

elementLocalization/baiduLoc.py

以下是百度搜索页面的元素定位配置:

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byclass BaiDuSearch:    search_input = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="kw"]')    baidu_click = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="su"]')    assert_result = (By.XPATH, '//*[@class="res-gap-right16"]')

testCases/conftest.py

以下是测试环境配置:

import pytestimport timefrom selenium import webdriver@pytest.fixture(scope='session', name='pre')def pre_init():    """初始化测试环境"""    driver = webdriver.Chrome()    driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')    driver.maximize_window()    time.sleep(2)    yield driver    time.sleep(2)    driver.quit()

testCases/test_baiduSearch.py

以下是百度搜索测试用例:

import pytestfrom .elementHandle import HandleBaiDuclass TestBaiduSearch:    def test_baidu_search(self, pre):        """百度搜索测试用例"""        HandleBaiDu(pre).baidu_search('baidu')        result = HandleBaiDu(pre).assert_search_result()        print(result)

以上代码仅供参考,可根据实际需求进行调整和扩展。Pytest框架用于测试编写,你也可以创建入口文件并运行用例生成测试报告。