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`搭建Django环境

cmd命令面板         django-admin startproject carsys_1

创建虚拟环境和下载依赖

pycharm中新建虚拟环境,在虚拟环境中下载依赖,pip install django==2.2.12 pip install mysqlcliectpip intall Pillow

创建Django应用

python manage.py startapp serach

创建模板文件夹

根目录下创建 templates文件夹

创建静态资源文件夹

根目录下创建static文件夹    存放css、js、images

修改settings.py配置文件

TEMPLATES = [{	'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')]      #模板存放的路径,}]LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'                        #汉化djangoTIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'                      #设置时区INSTALLED_APPS = [                         	'serach                                      #应用路径]         STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),]  #静态资源存放路径

创建数据库sql语句

create database `carsys` default charset utf8;use `carsys`;create table `tb_car` (	`no` int(11) not null auto_increment,	`carno` varchar(10) unique not null,	`owner` varchar(20) not null,	`brand` varchar(20) not null,	primary key (`no`));create table `tb_record` (	`no` integer not null AUTO_INCREMENT,	`reason` varchar(200) not null,	`punish` varchar(200) not null,	`makedate` date not null,	`dealt` boolean default 0,	`car_id` integer not null,	`is_deleted` boolean default 0,	`deleted_time` datetime,	`updated_time` datetime,	primary key (`no`),	foreign key (`car_id`) references `tb_car` (`no`));insert into `tb_car`	(`no`, `carno`, `owner`, `brand`)values	(1,'川A12345','王大锤','QQ'),	(2,'川A250SS','白元芳','Benz'),	(3,'川B52088','狄仁杰','BMW'),	(4,'川A54321','张小虎','Auto'),	(5,'川B203T5','张佩琪','RR'),	(6,'川AN9980','李乔治','Jetta'),	(7,'川A13788','李佩佩','Swift');insert into `tb_record`	(`is_deleted`, `deleted_time`, `updated_time`, `no`, `reason`, `punish`, `makedate`, `dealt`, `car_id`)values	(0,NULL,NULL,1,'逆向行驶','扣3分，罚款500元','2019-01-01 00:00:00.000000',0,1),	(0,NULL,NULL,2,'超速行驶','扣2分，罚款300元','2019-01-10 00:00:00.000000',0,2),	(0,NULL,NULL,3,'违章停车','罚款100元','2019-03-15 00:00:00.000000',0,1),	(0,NULL,NULL,4,'殴打交警','吊销驾照，拘留15天','2019-04-01 00:00:00.000000',0,1),	(0,NULL,NULL,5,'酒驾','扣6分','2019-01-10 00:00:00.000000',0,3),	(0,NULL,NULL,6,'醉驾','扣12分，罚款3000元','2019-01-20 00:00:00.000000',0,4),	(0,NULL,NULL,7,'逆向行驶','扣3分，罚款500元','2018-12-15 00:00:00.000000',0,1),	(0,NULL,NULL,8,'殴打交警','吊销驾照，拘留15天','2019-04-01 00:00:00.000000',0,2),	(0,NULL,NULL,9,'酒驾','扣6分','2019-01-10 00:00:00.000000',0,4),	(0,NULL,NULL,10,'醉驾','扣12分，罚款3000元','2019-01-20 00:00:00.000000',0,3),	(0,NULL,NULL,11,'逆向行驶','扣3分，罚款500元','2018-12-15 00:00:00.000000',0,5),	(0,NULL,NULL,12,'逆向行驶','扣3分，罚款500元','2018-07-23 00:00:00.000000',0,7),	(0,NULL,NULL,13,'遮挡车牌','扣6分','2019-05-10 00:00:00.000000',0,5),	(0,NULL,NULL,14,'超速行驶','扣2分，罚款300元','2018-10-30 00:00:00.000000',0,6);create user 'hellokitty'@'%' identified by '密码';grant all privilegs on carsys.* to 'hellokitty'@'%';flush privileges;

修改settings.py中数据库配置

DATABASE = { 'default':{    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',    'NAME': 'vote',    'HOST':'服务器地址',    'PORT':3306,    'USER':'hellokitty',    'PASSWORD':'数据库密码',    'CHARSET':'utf8',    'TIME_ZONE':'Asia/Shanghai'}}

准备静态templates模板

    
               
   
        
    
                 {% csrf_token %}            
                 
             
    
        
    
        {% if records %}        
    
            {% for record in records %}            
            {% endfor %}        
                 
      
                       
车牌号
                       
车主姓名
                       
违章原因
                       
违章时间
                       
处罚方式
                       
是否受理
                       
操作
                  
      
                       
{  { record.car.carno }}
                       
{  { record.car.owner }}
                       
{  { record.reason }}
                       
{  { record.makedate }}
                       
{  { record.punish }}
                       
{  { record.dealt | yesno:'已受理,未受理' }}
                       
                    受理                    删除                
                  
     
    
        
    
            
     首页              {% if has_prev %}
     上一页              {% else %}
     上一页              {% endif %}            第{  { current_page }}页/共{  { total_page }}页              {% if has_next %}
     下一页              {% else %}
     下一页              {% endif %}            
     末页        
    
        {% endif %}    
   
        

映射数据表(反向工程)

python mange.py inspectdb > search/models.py

models.py中的模型

from django.db import modelsclass Car(models.Model):    no = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)    carno = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=10)    owner = models.CharField(max_length=20)    brand = models.CharField(max_length=20)    class Meta:        managed = False        db_table = 'tb_car'class Record(models.Model):    no = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)    reason = models.CharField(max_length=200)    punish = models.CharField(max_length=200)    makedate = models.DateField()    dealt = models.IntegerField(blank=True,default=False)    car = models.ForeignKey(to=Car, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,db_column='car_id')    #db_column='car_id 是对应到数据库那个字段,属性名不一致时需要指定    #on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING 删除数据时根据数据库的设置删除    is_deleted = models.BooleanField(blank=True,default=False)    deleted_time = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)    updated_time = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)     #blank=True后admin后台填写是可以为空,不写就是不能为空    class Meta:        managed = False        db_table = 'tb_record'          #需要后台管理的话,注册模型,模型迁移,这里不做模型

修改views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpRequestfrom django.shortcuts import renderfrom search.models import Recorddef index(request:HttpRequest)  ->HttpResponse:"""首页"""    return render(request,'index.html')def search(request:HttpRequest)  ->HttpResponse:"""查询所有记录"""    queryset = Record.objects.all()    return render(request,'index.html',{        'records':queryset    })

修改urls.py

from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom search.views import search,indexurlpatterns = [    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),    path('search/',search),    path('',index)]#做完此步可以查询所有记录

模糊查询

import refrom django.db.models import Qfrom django.http import HttpResponse, HttpRequestfrom django.shortcuts import renderfrom search.models import Recorddef index(request:HttpRequest)  ->HttpResponse:    return render(request,'index.html')  #首页def search(request:HttpRequest)  ->HttpResponse:    queryset = Record.objects.all()    carinfo = request.POST.get('carinfo')    if carinfo:        carinfo = re.sub(r'\s','',carinfo) #正则去掉空格        queryset = queryset.filter(            Q(car__carno__istartswith=carinfo) | Q(car__owner__icontains=carinfo)        )        """        如果写两次filter为and关系  例如:queryset.filter(car__carno__istartswith=carinfo).filter(...)           如果想用 与或非 的条件可以导入Django模块下 Q 模块        &   而且关系 类似与and        |   或者关系 类似与or        ~   not 关系       not格式为:~Q(条件)        格式:Q(条件1)Q(条件2)                car__carno 或 car__carno__exact    精确查询car对象里面carno属性,因为是外键所以可以拿到车牌号)        car__carno__istartswith            模糊查询   例如输入'川A123'会得到'川A123%',后面加%。加i表示忽略大小写        car__carno__endswith               模糊查询   例如输入'川A123'会得到'%川A123',前面加% 。加i表示忽略大小写        car__carno__contains               模糊查询   例如输入'川A123'会得到'%川A123%',前后都加%。加i表示忽略大小写        一般外键查询格式为:有外键的表__参照的表字段__查询方法        """    return render(request,'index.html',{        'records':queryset    })

分页查询

url中?后面的参数通过request.GET  --> []/get()   获取参数以post方式提交的表单数据使用request.POST   -->[]/get   获取参数如果表单中上传了文件    request.FILES --> [].get()  获取参数		修改search视图函数def search(request:HttpRequest)  ->HttpResponse:    page = int(request.GET.get('page','1'))    size = int(request.GET.get('size','5'))	queryset = Record.objects.filter(is_deleted=False)\    .defer('is_deleted','deleted_time','updated_time')\    .select_related('car')#1对1、多对1外键关联可以通过select_related('关联对象')解决1+N查询问题#多对多外键关联通过prefetch_related('关联对象')解决1+N查询问题#defer(字段名)不查那些字段#only(字段名)查询那些字段    carinfo = request.POST.get('carinfo')    if carinfo:        carinfo = re.sub(r'\s','',carinfo) #正则去掉空格        queryset = queryset.filter(            Q(car__carno__istartswith=carinfo) | Q(car__owner__icontains=carinfo)        )    count = queryset.count()    queryset = queryset.order_by('-makedate')[(page - 1) * size:page * size]    total_page = (count - 1) // size +1    #总页数    return render(request,'index.html',{        'records':queryset,                #违章记录        'current_page':page,               #当前页码        'total_page':total_page,           #总页数        'has_prev': page > 1,              #有没有上一页        'has_next':page < total_page,      #有没有下一页        'prev_page':page - 1,              #上一页页码        'next_page':page + 1,              #下一页页码        'page_size':size,                  #页面大小        'carinfo':carinfo                  #查询条件    })#Django官方封装的分页器:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/pagination/

Ajax异步请求完成受理和删除

views.py中添加受理和删除的函数def handle_record(request: HttpRequest)     -> HttpResponse:    try:        rno = int(request.GET.get('rno', ''))    except ValueError:        date = {'code':30002,'mesg':'违章记录编号无效'}    else:        record = Record.objects.filter(no=rno,dealt=False).first()        if record and not record.dealt:            record.dealt = True            record.updated_time = timezone.now()            record.save()            date = {'code':30000,'mesg':'受理成功'}        else:            date = {'code':30001,'mesg':'受理失败'}    return JsonResponse(date)def delete_record(request: HttpRequest)    -> HttpResponse:    try:        rno = int(request.GET.get('rno',''))    except ValueError:        date = {'code':40002,'mesg':'违章记录编号无效'}    else:        record = Record.objects.filter(no=rno,is_deleted=False).first()        if record:            if record.dealt:                record.is_deleted = True                record.deleted_time = timezone.now()                record.save()                date = {'code':40000,'mesg':'删除成功'}            else:                date = {'code':40003,'mesg':'不能删除尚未受理的记录'}        else:            date = {'code':40001,'mesg':'删除失败'}    return JsonResponse(date)urls.py中增加这个urlpath('handle/','handle_record),path('delete/',delete_record),