本文共 35570 字,大约阅读时间需要 118 分钟。
Linux软件包管理
- rpm命令管理
- yum在线命令
- 源码包管理
- 脚本安装包
三、 源码包管理
源码包和RPM包的区别
- 安装之前的区别:概念上的区别
- 安装之后的区别:安装位置不同
RPM包安装位置
- 是安装在默认位置中(由包编写者决定)
RPM包默认安装路径(这个只是推荐的位置) | |
---|---|
/etc/ | 配置文件安装目录 |
/usr/bin/ | 可执行的命令安装目录 |
/usr/lib/ | 程序所使用的函数库保存位置 |
/usr/share/doc/ | 基本的软件使用手册保存位置 |
/usr/share/man/ | 帮助文件保存位置 |
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql httpd/etc/httpd/etc/httpd/conf/etc/httpd/conf.d/etc/httpd/conf.d/README/etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf/etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-dav.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-lua.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-systemd.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/01-cgi.conf/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf/etc/httpd/conf/magic/etc/httpd/logs/etc/httpd/modules/etc/httpd/run/etc/logrotate.d/httpd/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean/etc/sysconfig/httpd/run/httpd/run/httpd/htcacheclean/usr/lib/systemd/system/htcacheclean.service/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/httpd.conf/usr/lib64/httpd/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_access_compat.so.../usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/configtest/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/graceful/usr/sbin/apachectl.../var/cache/httpd/var/cache/httpd/proxy/var/lib/dav/var/log/httpd/var/www/var/www/cgi-bin/var/www/html[root@localhost ~]#
rpm安装可以指定安装位置
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --help | grep prefix --prefix=如果可重定位,便把软件包重定位到 [root@localhost ~]#
rpm包安装过程中,建议不要指定安装位置,以防系统找不到。
但不指定安装位置又会导致包安装得到处都是,所以rpm提供了rpm -e 包名
来方便卸载,就免除去找一个个目录去删除的麻烦。
安装位置不同带来的影响
RPM包安装的服务可以使用系统服务管理命令(service)来管理,例如RPM包安装的apache的启动方法是:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start
这里有问题service httpd start
这里有问题
我执行的时候出现了错误(原因在后面安装源码包的时候会解释)
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start-bash: /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd: 没有那个文件或目录[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /etc/rc.d/init.d/总用量 40drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 70 1月 23 17:35 .drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 127 1月 23 17:35 ..-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18104 1月 3 2018 functions-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4334 1月 3 2018 netconsole-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7293 1月 3 2018 network-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1160 4月 11 2018 README[root@localhost ~]# #...这个不行,试一试第二个[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)[root@localhost ~]# httpd -vServer version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)Server built: Apr 20 2018 18:10:38[root@localhost ~]# find / -name 'httpd'/run/httpd/etc/logrotate.d/httpd/etc/sysconfig/httpd/etc/httpd # 由此确定Apache被安装的地方是/etc/httpd/var/log/httpd/var/cache/httpd/usr/sbin/httpd/usr/lib64/httpd/usr/share/httpd/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /etc/httpd/总用量 12drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 92 1月 25 20:04 .drwxr-xr-x. 141 root root 8192 1月 25 20:04 ..drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 37 1月 25 20:04 confdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 82 1月 25 20:04 conf.ddrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 166 1月 25 20:04 conf.modules.dlrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 1月 25 20:04 logs -> ../../var/log/httpdlrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 1月 25 20:04 modules -> ../../usr/lib64/httpd/moduleslrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 1月 25 20:04 run -> /run/httpd#...开启[root@localhost ~]# service httpd startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start httpd.serviceJob for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.#...按着它的说法来[root@localhost ~]# /bin/systemctl start httpd.serviceJob for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[root@localhost ~]# ...^C#...还是报错,那我先停止服务,然后重启httpd?[root@localhost ~]# service httpd stopRedirecting to /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service[root@localhost ~]# /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service[root@localhost ~]# /bin/systemctl start httpd.serviceJob for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[root@localhost ~]#
还是不行。。。cao
还没解决,但发现一个思路:
别纠结,后面会讲到原因。
注:service命令实际上搜索的是/etc/rc.d/init.d/
目录,源码包是自定义安装位置,而不会安装在此目录里,使用源码包是不能通过service命令来启动的。
源码包安装位置
安装在指定位置当中,一般是/usr/local/软件名/
源码包为啥要指定安装位置?
源码包没有卸载命令(不同于RPM包)
源码包安装的服务不能被服务管理命令管理,因为没有安装到默认路径中。所以只能用绝对路径进行服务的管理,如:/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
源码包安装过程
1. 安装准备
- 安装C语言编译器(前面已经介绍)
- 下载源码包
- 比如Apache的源码包:
发现gcc已经安装:
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep gcclibgcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64gcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64[root@localhost ~]#
安装httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz
,此版本相对比较成熟,也是比较稳定的Apache。 2.4以上的版本(比如Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
)在现在的环境(CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804
)安装时候就会一定有一个报错,所以先装一个低版本。
我已经安装了一个Apache2.4.6,由于此服务要占用80端口,所以虽然RPM包和源码包能够同时安装,只要安装位置不同,但是只能够启动一个,否则会端口冲突(尽管可以通过修改端口的方式同时开启,但是一般不这样做),所以只选择启动一个。实际的生产环境中,不可能同时安装源码包和RPM包的Apache,因为同一时间只能使用一个,避免硬盘空间浪费。
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpdhttpd-tools-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# httpd -vServer version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)Server built: Apr 20 2018 18:10:38[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tlunActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:997 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:42195 0.0.0.0:* udp6 0 0 :::997 :::* udp6 0 0 :::111 :::* [root@localhost ~]#
由于源码包的优点,所以Apache建议安装源码包——本机编译,运行效率会更高。
卸载RPM包的Apache——实验环境(实际生产环境中可不要使用remove这样干)
一定要先关闭服务再卸载,不然即使已经卸载端口仍会被原来的程序一直占用
[root@localhost ~]# /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove httpd已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks正在解决依赖关系--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-80.el7.centos 将被 删除--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-mmn = 20120211x8664,它被软件包 mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64 需要--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 mod_wsgi.x86_64.0.3.4-12.el7_0 将被 删除--> 解决依赖关系完成依赖关系解决================================================================================================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小==================================================================================================================================================================正在删除: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-80.el7.centos @c7-media 9.4 M为依赖而移除: mod_wsgi x86_64 3.4-12.el7_0 @c7-media 197 k事务概要==================================================================================================================================================================移除 1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)安装大小:9.6 MDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction 正在删除 : mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64 1/2 正在删除 : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 验证中 : mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64 1/2 验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 删除: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos 作为依赖被删除: mod_wsgi.x86_64 0:3.4-12.el7_0 完毕![root@localhost ~]#
2. 安装注意事项
- 源代码保存位置:
/usr/local/src/
usr
:系统资源目录local
:本地src
:源代码
- 软件安装位置:
/usr/local/
- 如何确定安装过程报错:
- 安装过程停止
- 并出现
error
、warning
或no
的提示
[root@localhost ~]# pwd/root[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /root/桌面/总用量 6432drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 48 1月 25 21:27 .dr-xr-x---. 15 root root 4096 1月 25 19:22 ..-rwxrw-rw-. 1 root root 6580772 1月 25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gzdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 1月 23 18:00 onefine[root@localhost ~]# mv /root/桌面/httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz /usr/local/src/[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /usr/local/src/总用量 6428drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 33 1月 25 22:23 .drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 131 1月 23 17:34 ..-rwxrw-rw-. 1 root root 6580772 1月 25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz... # 省略[root@localhost src]# ls -al总用量 6432drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 53 1月 25 22:25 .drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 131 1月 23 17:34 ..drwxr-xr-x. 11 501 games 4096 10月 7 2008 httpd-2.2.10-rwxrw-rw-. 1 root root 6580772 1月 25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz[root@localhost src]#
3. 源码包安装过程
- 下载源码包
- 解压缩下载的源码包
- 进入解压缩目录
#...接着上面[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.10/#...上面这条命令一定要执行,避免入坑[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
./configure
软件配置与检查
- 定义需要的功能选项
- 检测系统环境是否符合安装要求
- 把定义好的功能选项和检测系统环境的信息都写入Makefile文件,用于后续的编辑。
注:/
当前位置,./configure
执行的是当前目录下的configure
命令
#...接着上面[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ./configure --help`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them asVAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.Configuration: -h, --help display this help and exit --help=short display options specific to this package --help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages -V, --version display version information and exit -q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking...' messages --cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled] -C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache' -n, --no-create do not create output files --srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']Installation directories: --prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX [/usr/local/apache2] --exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX [PREFIX]By default, `make install' will install all the files in`/usr/local/apache2/bin', `/usr/local/apache2/lib' etc. You can specifyan installation prefix other than `/usr/local/apache2' using `--prefix',for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.For better control, use the options below.Fine tuning of the installation directories: --bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin] --sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin] --libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec] --sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc] --sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com] --localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var] --libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib] --includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include] --oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include] --datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share] --datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR] --infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info] --localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale] --mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man] --docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE] --htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR] --dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR] --pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR] --psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]System types: --build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed] --host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD] --target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]Optional Features: --disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no) --enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes] --enable-layout=LAYOUT --enable-v4-mapped Allow IPv6 sockets to handle IPv4 connections --enable-exception-hook Enable fatal exception hook --enable-maintainer-mode Turn on debugging and compile time warnings --enable-pie Build httpd as a Position Independent Executable --enable-modules=MODULE-LIST Space-separated list of modules to enable | "all" | "most" --enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST Space-separated list of shared modules to enable | "all" | "most" --disable-authn-file file-based authentication control --enable-authn-dbm DBM-based authentication control --enable-authn-anon anonymous user authentication control --enable-authn-dbd SQL-based authentication control --disable-authn-default authentication backstopper --enable-authn-alias auth provider alias --disable-authz-host host-based authorization control --disable-authz-groupfile 'require group' authorization control --disable-authz-user 'require user' authorization control --enable-authz-dbm DBM-based authorization control --enable-authz-owner 'require file-owner' authorization control --enable-authnz-ldap LDAP based authentication --disable-authz-default authorization control backstopper --disable-auth-basic basic authentication --enable-auth-digest RFC2617 Digest authentication --enable-isapi isapi extension support --enable-file-cache File cache --enable-cache dynamic file caching --enable-disk-cache disk caching module --enable-mem-cache memory caching module --enable-dbd Apache DBD Framework --enable-bucketeer buckets manipulation filter --enable-dumpio I/O dump filter --enable-echo ECHO server --enable-example example and demo module --enable-case-filter example uppercase conversion filter --enable-case-filter-in example uppercase conversion input filter --enable-ext-filter external filter module --disable-include Server Side Includes --disable-filter Smart Filtering --enable-substitute response content rewrite-like filtering --disable-charset-lite character set translation --enable-charset-lite character set translation --enable-deflate Deflate transfer encoding support --enable-ldap LDAP caching and connection pooling services --disable-log-config logging configuration --enable-log-forensic forensic logging --enable-logio input and output logging --disable-env clearing/setting of ENV vars --enable-mime-magic automagically determining MIME type --enable-cern-meta CERN-type meta files --enable-expires Expires header control --enable-headers HTTP header control --enable-ident RFC 1413 identity check --enable-usertrack user-session tracking --enable-unique-id per-request unique ids --disable-setenvif basing ENV vars on headers --enable-version determining httpd version in config files --enable-proxy Apache proxy module --enable-proxy-connect Apache proxy CONNECT module --enable-proxy-ftp Apache proxy FTP module --enable-proxy-http Apache proxy HTTP module --enable-proxy-ajp Apache proxy AJP module --enable-proxy-balancer Apache proxy BALANCER module --enable-ssl SSL/TLS support (mod_ssl) --enable-distcache Select distcache support in mod_ssl --enable-optional-hook-export example optional hook exporter --enable-optional-hook-import example optional hook importer --enable-optional-fn-import example optional function importer --enable-optional-fn-export example optional function exporter --enable-static-support Build a statically linked version of the support binaries --enable-static-htpasswd Build a statically linked version of htpasswd --enable-static-htdigest Build a statically linked version of htdigest --enable-static-rotatelogs Build a statically linked version of rotatelogs --enable-static-logresolve Build a statically linked version of logresolve --enable-static-htdbm Build a statically linked version of htdbm --enable-static-ab Build a statically linked version of ab --enable-static-checkgid Build a statically linked version of checkgid --enable-static-htcacheclean Build a statically linked version of htcacheclean --enable-static-httxt2dbm Build a statically linked version of httxt2dbm --enable-http HTTP protocol handling --disable-mime mapping of file-extension to MIME --enable-dav WebDAV protocol handling --disable-status process/thread monitoring --disable-autoindex directory listing --disable-asis as-is filetypes --enable-info server information --enable-suexec set uid and gid for spawned processes --disable-cgid CGI scripts --enable-cgi CGI scripts --disable-cgi CGI scripts --enable-cgid CGI scripts --enable-dav-fs DAV provider for the filesystem --enable-dav-lock DAV provider for generic locking --enable-vhost-alias mass virtual hosting module --disable-negotiation content negotiation --disable-dir directory request handling --enable-imagemap server-side imagemaps --disable-actions Action triggering on requests --enable-speling correct common URL misspellings --disable-userdir mapping of requests to user-specific directories --disable-alias mapping of requests to different filesystem parts --enable-rewrite rule based URL manipulation --enable-so DSO capabilityOptional Packages: --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes] --without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no) --with-included-apr Use bundled copies of APR/APR-Util --with-apr=PATH prefix for installed APR or the full path to apr-config --with-apr-util=PATH prefix for installed APU or the full path to apu-config --with-pcre=PATH Use external PCRE library --with-port=PORT Port on which to listen (default is 80) --with-sslport=SSLPORT Port on which to securelisten (default is 443) --with-z=DIR use a specific zlib library --with-sslc=DIR RSA SSL-C SSL/TLS toolkit --with-ssl=DIR OpenSSL SSL/TLS toolkit --with-mpm=MPM Choose the process model for Apache to use. MPM={beos|event|worker|prefork|mpmt_os2} --with-module=module-type:module-file Enable module-file in the modules/directory. --with-program-name alternate executable name --with-suexec-bin Path to suexec binary --with-suexec-caller User allowed to call SuExec --with-suexec-userdir User subdirectory --with-suexec-docroot SuExec root directory --with-suexec-uidmin Minimal allowed UID --with-suexec-gidmin Minimal allowed GID --with-suexec-logfile Set the logfile --with-suexec-safepath Set the safepath --with-suexec-umask umask for suexec'd processSome influential environment variables: CC C compiler command CFLAGS C compiler flags LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l CPPFLAGS C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I if you have headers in a nonstandard directory CPP C preprocessorUse these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to helpit to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
先只指定安装位置
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al总用量 1292drwxr-xr-x. 11 501 games 4096 10月 7 2008 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 53 1月 25 22:48 ..-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 18571 6月 20 2008 acinclude.m4-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 54614 6月 7 2008 Apache.dsw-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zipdrwxr-xr-x. 5 501 games 4096 10月 7 2008 build-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2644 8月 24 2007 BuildAll.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2694 6月 7 2008 BuildBin.dsp-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 games 5771 7月 12 2006 buildconf-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 88633 10月 7 2008 CHANGES-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 games 648839 10月 7 2008 configure-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 23370 6月 21 2008 configure.in-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 0 10月 7 2008 .depsdrwxr-xr-x. 9 501 games 124 10月 7 2008 docs-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 7214 1月 24 2005 .gdbinit-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4124 6月 12 2008 httpd.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 19128 10月 7 2008 httpd.specdrwxr-xr-x. 2 501 games 4096 10月 7 2008 include-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4729 9月 19 2008 INSTALL-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2909 12月 8 2006 InstallBin.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 17039 1月 12 2007 libhttpd.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 28690 1月 19 2008 LICENSE-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 8696 2月 5 2008 Makefile.in-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 33817 6月 13 2008 Makefile.windrwxr-xr-x. 20 501 games 4096 10月 7 2008 modules-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 828 1月 11 2008 NOTICE-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10559 8月 7 2007 NWGNUmakefiledrwxr-xr-x. 9 501 games 149 10月 7 2008 os-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5954 1月 10 2007 README-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4992 2月 18 2008 README.platforms-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10183 3月 14 2005 ROADMAPdrwxr-xr-x. 3 501 games 4096 10月 7 2008 serverdrwxr-xr-x. 5 501 games 64 10月 7 2008 srclibdrwxr-xr-x. 4 501 games 4096 10月 7 2008 supportdrwxr-xr-x. 2 501 games 248 10月 7 2008 test-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2... # 省略config.status: creating build/config_vars.shconfig.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.hconfig.status: include/ap_config_auto.h is unchangedconfig.status: executing default commands[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
注意到这一过程中并没有报错.
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al总用量 1404drwxr-xr-x. 11 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 53 1月 25 22:48 ..-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 18571 6月 20 2008 acinclude.m4-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 54614 6月 7 2008 Apache.dsw-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zipdrwxr-xr-x. 5 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 build-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2644 8月 24 2007 BuildAll.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2694 6月 7 2008 BuildBin.dsp-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 games 5771 7月 12 2006 buildconf-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 88633 10月 7 2008 CHANGES-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51107 1月 25 22:51 config.log-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 90 1月 25 22:51 config.nice-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 40057 1月 25 22:51 config.status-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 games 648839 10月 7 2008 configure-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 23370 6月 21 2008 configure.in-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 0 1月 25 22:51 .depsdrwxr-xr-x. 9 501 games 124 10月 7 2008 docs-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 7214 1月 24 2005 .gdbinit-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4124 6月 12 2008 httpd.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 19128 10月 7 2008 httpd.specdrwxr-xr-x. 2 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 include-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4729 9月 19 2008 INSTALL-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2909 12月 8 2006 InstallBin.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 17039 1月 12 2007 libhttpd.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 28690 1月 19 2008 LICENSE-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8911 1月 25 22:51 Makefile-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 8696 2月 5 2008 Makefile.in-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 33817 6月 13 2008 Makefile.windrwxr-xr-x. 20 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 modules-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3718 1月 25 22:51 modules.c-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 828 1月 11 2008 NOTICE-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10559 8月 7 2007 NWGNUmakefiledrwxr-xr-x. 9 501 games 178 1月 25 22:51 os-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5954 1月 10 2007 README-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4992 2月 18 2008 README.platforms-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10183 3月 14 2005 ROADMAPdrwxr-xr-x. 3 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 serverdrwxr-xr-x. 5 501 games 93 1月 25 22:51 srclibdrwxr-xr-x. 4 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 supportdrwxr-xr-x. 2 501 games 277 1月 25 22:51 test-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
make
编译
make clean
# 万一编译过程报错,结束时清除编译之后的缓存文件
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# make...make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.10”[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al总用量 2220drwxr-xr-x. 12 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:56 .drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 53 1月 25 22:48 ..-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 18571 6月 20 2008 acinclude.m4-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 54614 6月 7 2008 Apache.dsw-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zipdrwxr-xr-x. 5 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 build-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2644 8月 24 2007 BuildAll.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2694 6月 7 2008 BuildBin.dsp-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 games 5771 7月 12 2006 buildconf-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1496 1月 25 22:56 buildmark.o-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 88633 10月 7 2008 CHANGES-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51107 1月 25 22:51 config.log-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 90 1月 25 22:51 config.nice-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 40057 1月 25 22:51 config.status-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 games 648839 10月 7 2008 configure-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 23370 6月 21 2008 configure.in-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 0 1月 25 22:51 .depsdrwxr-xr-x. 9 501 games 124 10月 7 2008 docs-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 7214 1月 24 2005 .gdbinit-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 814640 1月 25 22:56 httpd-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4124 6月 12 2008 httpd.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 19128 10月 7 2008 httpd.specdrwxr-xr-x. 2 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 include-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4729 9月 19 2008 INSTALL-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 2909 12月 8 2006 InstallBin.dsp-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 17039 1月 12 2007 libhttpd.dspdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 23 1月 25 22:56 .libs-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 28690 1月 19 2008 LICENSE-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8911 1月 25 22:51 Makefile-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 8696 2月 5 2008 Makefile.in-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 33817 6月 13 2008 Makefile.windrwxr-xr-x. 20 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:51 modules-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3718 1月 25 22:51 modules.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 273 1月 25 22:56 modules.lo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6064 1月 25 22:56 modules.o-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 828 1月 11 2008 NOTICE-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10559 8月 7 2007 NWGNUmakefiledrwxr-xr-x. 9 501 games 178 1月 25 22:51 os-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 5954 1月 10 2007 README-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 4992 2月 18 2008 README.platforms-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 10183 3月 14 2005 ROADMAPdrwxr-xr-x. 4 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:56 serverdrwxr-xr-x. 5 501 games 93 1月 25 22:51 srclibdrwxr-xr-x. 5 501 games 4096 1月 25 22:56 supportdrwxr-xr-x. 2 501 games 277 1月 25 22:51 test-rw-r--r--. 1 501 games 8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
make install
编译安装
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# make install...mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man/man8mkdir /usr/local/apache2/manualmake[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.10”[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
查看安装位置:
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al /usr/local/apache2/总用量 32drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 164 1月 25 22:57 .drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 146 1月 25 22:57 ..drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 243 1月 25 22:57 bindrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 167 1月 25 22:57 builddrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 38 1月 25 22:57 cgi-bindrwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 84 1月 25 22:57 confdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 1月 25 22:57 errordrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 139 10月 7 2008 htdocsdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 8192 1月 25 22:57 iconsdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 1月 25 22:57 includedrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 1月 25 22:57 logsdrwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 30 1月 25 22:57 mandrwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 8192 10月 7 2008 manualdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 23 1月 25 22:57 modules[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
启动:
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl starthttpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName(98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80(98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80no listening sockets available, shutting downUnable to open logs[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
端口冲突,先停掉端口
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 126958/httpd unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 29380 1636/master public/showqunix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 36801 2533/pulseaudio /run/user/0/pulse/native[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# kill -9 126958[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 29380 1636/master public/showqunix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 36801 2533/pulseaudio /run/user/0/pulse/native[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl starthttpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 50998/httpd unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 29380 1636/master public/showqunix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 36801 2533/pulseaudio /run/user/0/pulse/native[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
问题:我怎么知道Apache的启动命令是/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
呢?
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cd [root@localhost ~]# pwd/root[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.10/[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cat INSTALL APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW Quick Start - Unix ------------------ For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/install.html #...安装步骤 $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX #...编译前准备,指定安装目录PREFIX $ make # 编译 $ make install # 安装 $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start # 启动方法: PREFIX由于第一步指定...[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
测试:
先关闭防火墙:[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl status firewalld● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since 三 2019-01-23 17:54:20 CST; 2 days ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 908 (firewalld) Tasks: 2 CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─908 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid1月 23 17:54:19 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...1月 23 17:54:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since 六 2019-01-26 00:41:01 CST; 9s ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Process: 908 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 908 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)1月 23 17:54:19 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...1月 23 17:54:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.1月 26 00:40:57 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...1月 26 00:41:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
说明:
修改:firewalld的基本使用
启动: systemctl start firewalld 关闭: systemctl stop firewalld 查看状态: systemctl status firewalld 开机禁用 : systemctl disable firewalld 开机启用 : systemctl enable firewalld
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# vi /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.htmlIt works!
Hello onefine
~ :wq[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cat /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.htmlIt works!
Hello onefine
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#
关闭:/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop
ok,成功
4. 源码包的卸载
不需要卸载命令,直接删除安装目录即可,不会遗留任何垃圾文件。
- 脚本安装包
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