Linux软件包管理之3——源码包管理
发布日期:2021-07-01 05:19:41 浏览次数:2 分类:技术文章

本文共 35570 字,大约阅读时间需要 118 分钟。

Linux软件包管理

  1. rpm命令管理
  2. yum在线命令
  3. 源码包管理
  4. 脚本安装包

三、 源码包管理

源码包和RPM包的区别

  1. 安装之前的区别:概念上的区别
  2. 安装之后的区别:安装位置不同

RPM包安装位置

  • 是安装在默认位置中(由包编写者决定)
RPM包默认安装路径(这个只是推荐的位置)
/etc/ 配置文件安装目录
/usr/bin/ 可执行的命令安装目录
/usr/lib/ 程序所使用的函数库保存位置
/usr/share/doc/ 基本的软件使用手册保存位置
/usr/share/man/ 帮助文件保存位置
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql httpd/etc/httpd/etc/httpd/conf/etc/httpd/conf.d/etc/httpd/conf.d/README/etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf/etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-dav.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-lua.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-systemd.conf/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/01-cgi.conf/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf/etc/httpd/conf/magic/etc/httpd/logs/etc/httpd/modules/etc/httpd/run/etc/logrotate.d/httpd/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean/etc/sysconfig/httpd/run/httpd/run/httpd/htcacheclean/usr/lib/systemd/system/htcacheclean.service/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/httpd.conf/usr/lib64/httpd/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_access_compat.so.../usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/configtest/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd/graceful/usr/sbin/apachectl.../var/cache/httpd/var/cache/httpd/proxy/var/lib/dav/var/log/httpd/var/www/var/www/cgi-bin/var/www/html[root@localhost ~]#
rpm安装可以指定安装位置
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --help | grep prefix  --prefix=
如果可重定位,便把软件包重定位到
[root@localhost ~]#

rpm包安装过程中,建议不要指定安装位置,以防系统找不到。

但不指定安装位置又会导致包安装得到处都是,所以rpm提供了rpm -e 包名来方便卸载,就免除去找一个个目录去删除的麻烦。

安装位置不同带来的影响

RPM包安装的服务可以使用系统服务管理命令(service)来管理,例如RPM包安装的apache的启动方法是:

  • /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start这里有问题
  • service httpd start这里有问题

我执行的时候出现了错误(原因在后面安装源码包的时候会解释)

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start-bash: /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd: 没有那个文件或目录[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /etc/rc.d/init.d/总用量 40drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    70 1月  23 17:35 .drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root   127 1月  23 17:35 ..-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 18104 1月   3 2018 functions-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root  4334 1月   3 2018 netconsole-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root  7293 1月   3 2018 network-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  1160 4月  11 2018 README[root@localhost ~]#  #...这个不行,试一试第二个[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)[root@localhost ~]# httpd -vServer version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)Server built:   Apr 20 2018 18:10:38[root@localhost ~]# find / -name 'httpd'/run/httpd/etc/logrotate.d/httpd/etc/sysconfig/httpd/etc/httpd     # 由此确定Apache被安装的地方是/etc/httpd/var/log/httpd/var/cache/httpd/usr/sbin/httpd/usr/lib64/httpd/usr/share/httpd/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/httpd[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /etc/httpd/总用量 12drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root   92 1月  25 20:04 .drwxr-xr-x. 141 root root 8192 1月  25 20:04 ..drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   37 1月  25 20:04 confdrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   82 1月  25 20:04 conf.ddrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  166 1月  25 20:04 conf.modules.dlrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   19 1月  25 20:04 logs -> ../../var/log/httpdlrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   29 1月  25 20:04 modules -> ../../usr/lib64/httpd/moduleslrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   10 1月  25 20:04 run -> /run/httpd#...开启[root@localhost ~]# service httpd startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start httpd.serviceJob for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.#...按着它的说法来[root@localhost ~]#  /bin/systemctl start httpd.serviceJob for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[root@localhost ~]# ...^C#...还是报错,那我先停止服务,然后重启httpd?[root@localhost ~]# service httpd stopRedirecting to /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service[root@localhost ~]#  /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service[root@localhost ~]# /bin/systemctl start httpd.serviceJob for httpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status httpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[root@localhost ~]#

还是不行。。。cao

还没解决,但发现一个思路:

别纠结,后面会讲到原因。

注:service命令实际上搜索的是/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录,源码包是自定义安装位置,而不会安装在此目录里,使用源码包是不能通过service命令来启动的。

源码包安装位置

安装在指定位置当中,一般是/usr/local/软件名/

源码包为啥要指定安装位置?

源码包没有卸载命令(不同于RPM包)

源码包安装的服务不能被服务管理命令管理,因为没有安装到默认路径中。所以只能用绝对路径进行服务的管理,如:/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

源码包安装过程

1. 安装准备

  • 安装C语言编译器(前面已经介绍)
  • 下载源码包
    • 比如Apache的源码包:

发现gcc已经安装:

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep gcclibgcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64gcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64[root@localhost ~]#

安装httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz,此版本相对比较成熟,也是比较稳定的Apache。 2.4以上的版本(比如Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS))在现在的环境(CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804)安装时候就会一定有一个报错,所以先装一个低版本。

我已经安装了一个Apache2.4.6,由于此服务要占用80端口,所以虽然RPM包和源码包能够同时安装,只要安装位置不同,但是只能够启动一个,否则会端口冲突(尽管可以通过修改端口的方式同时开启,但是一般不这样做),所以只选择启动一个。实际的生产环境中,不可能同时安装源码包和RPM包的Apache,因为同一时间只能使用一个,避免硬盘空间浪费。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpdhttpd-tools-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# httpd -vServer version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)Server built:   Apr 20 2018 18:10:38[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tlunActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN     tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN     tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                          udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:997             0.0.0.0:*                          udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*                          udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                          udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                          udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*                          udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:42195           0.0.0.0:*                          udp6       0      0 :::997                  :::*                               udp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                               [root@localhost ~]#

由于源码包的优点,所以Apache建议安装源码包——本机编译,运行效率会更高。

卸载RPM包的Apache——实验环境(实际生产环境中可不要使用remove这样干)

一定要先关闭服务再卸载,不然即使已经卸载端口仍会被原来的程序一直占用

[root@localhost ~]#  /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove httpd已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks正在解决依赖关系--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-80.el7.centos 将被 删除--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-mmn = 20120211x8664,它被软件包 mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64 需要--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 mod_wsgi.x86_64.0.3.4-12.el7_0 将被 删除--> 解决依赖关系完成依赖关系解决================================================================================================================================================================== Package                             架构                              版本                                            源                                    大小==================================================================================================================================================================正在删除: httpd                               x86_64                            2.4.6-80.el7.centos                             @c7-media                            9.4 M为依赖而移除: mod_wsgi                            x86_64                            3.4-12.el7_0                                    @c7-media                            197 k事务概要==================================================================================================================================================================移除  1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)安装大小:9.6 MDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  正在删除    : mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/2   正在删除    : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                                              2/2   验证中      : mod_wsgi-3.4-12.el7_0.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/2   验证中      : httpd-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                                              2/2 删除:  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos                                                                                                                              作为依赖被删除:  mod_wsgi.x86_64 0:3.4-12.el7_0                                                                                                                                  完毕![root@localhost ~]#

2. 安装注意事项

  • 源代码保存位置:/usr/local/src/
    • usr:系统资源目录
    • local:本地
    • src:源代码
  • 软件安装位置:/usr/local/
  • 如何确定安装过程报错:
    • 安装过程停止
    • 并出现errorwarningno的提示
[root@localhost ~]# pwd/root[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /root/桌面/总用量 6432drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      48 1月  25 21:27 .dr-xr-x---. 15 root root    4096 1月  25 19:22 ..-rwxrw-rw-.  1 root root 6580772 1月  25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gzdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root       6 1月  23 18:00 onefine[root@localhost ~]# mv /root/桌面/httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz /usr/local/src/[root@localhost ~]# ls -al /usr/local/src/总用量 6428drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      33 1月  25 22:23 .drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root     131 1月  23 17:34 ..-rwxrw-rw-.  1 root root 6580772 1月  25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz...  # 省略[root@localhost src]# ls -al总用量 6432drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root       53 1月  25 22:25 .drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root      131 1月  23 17:34 ..drwxr-xr-x. 11  501 games    4096 10月  7 2008 httpd-2.2.10-rwxrw-rw-.  1 root root  6580772 1月  25 21:26 httpd-2.2.10.tar.gz[root@localhost src]#

3. 源码包安装过程

  1. 下载源码包
  2. 解压缩下载的源码包
  3. 进入解压缩目录
#...接着上面[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.10/#...上面这条命令一定要执行,避免入坑[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

./configure软件配置与检查

  • 定义需要的功能选项
  • 检测系统环境是否符合安装要求
  • 把定义好的功能选项和检测系统环境的信息都写入Makefile文件,用于后续的编辑。

注:/当前位置,./configure执行的是当前目录下的configure命令

#...接着上面[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ./configure --help`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them asVAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.Configuration:  -h, --help              display this help and exit      --help=short        display options specific to this package      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages  -V, --version           display version information and exit  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking...' messages      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]  -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'  -n, --no-create         do not create output files      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']Installation directories:  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX                          [/usr/local/apache2]  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX                          [PREFIX]By default, `make install' will install all the files in`/usr/local/apache2/bin', `/usr/local/apache2/lib' etc.  You can specifyan installation prefix other than `/usr/local/apache2' using `--prefix',for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.For better control, use the options below.Fine tuning of the installation directories:  --bindir=DIR           user executables [EPREFIX/bin]  --sbindir=DIR          system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]  --libexecdir=DIR       program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]  --sysconfdir=DIR       read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]  --sharedstatedir=DIR   modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]  --localstatedir=DIR    modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]  --libdir=DIR           object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]  --includedir=DIR       C header files [PREFIX/include]  --oldincludedir=DIR    C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]  --datarootdir=DIR      read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]  --datadir=DIR          read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]  --infodir=DIR          info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]  --localedir=DIR        locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]  --mandir=DIR           man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]  --docdir=DIR           documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]  --htmldir=DIR          html documentation [DOCDIR]  --dvidir=DIR           dvi documentation [DOCDIR]  --pdfdir=DIR           pdf documentation [DOCDIR]  --psdir=DIR            ps documentation [DOCDIR]System types:  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]  --target=TARGET   configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]Optional Features:  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]  --enable-layout=LAYOUT  --enable-v4-mapped      Allow IPv6 sockets to handle IPv4 connections  --enable-exception-hook Enable fatal exception hook  --enable-maintainer-mode                          Turn on debugging and compile time warnings  --enable-pie            Build httpd as a Position Independent Executable  --enable-modules=MODULE-LIST                          Space-separated list of modules to enable | "all" |                          "most"  --enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST                          Space-separated list of shared modules to enable |                          "all" | "most"  --disable-authn-file    file-based authentication control  --enable-authn-dbm      DBM-based authentication control  --enable-authn-anon     anonymous user authentication control  --enable-authn-dbd      SQL-based authentication control  --disable-authn-default authentication backstopper  --enable-authn-alias    auth provider alias  --disable-authz-host    host-based authorization control  --disable-authz-groupfile                          'require group' authorization control  --disable-authz-user    'require user' authorization control  --enable-authz-dbm      DBM-based authorization control  --enable-authz-owner    'require file-owner' authorization control  --enable-authnz-ldap    LDAP based authentication  --disable-authz-default authorization control backstopper  --disable-auth-basic    basic authentication  --enable-auth-digest    RFC2617 Digest authentication  --enable-isapi          isapi extension support  --enable-file-cache     File cache  --enable-cache          dynamic file caching  --enable-disk-cache     disk caching module  --enable-mem-cache      memory caching module  --enable-dbd            Apache DBD Framework  --enable-bucketeer      buckets manipulation filter  --enable-dumpio         I/O dump filter  --enable-echo           ECHO server  --enable-example        example and demo module  --enable-case-filter    example uppercase conversion filter  --enable-case-filter-in example uppercase conversion input filter  --enable-ext-filter     external filter module  --disable-include       Server Side Includes  --disable-filter        Smart Filtering  --enable-substitute     response content rewrite-like filtering  --disable-charset-lite  character set translation  --enable-charset-lite   character set translation  --enable-deflate        Deflate transfer encoding support  --enable-ldap           LDAP caching and connection pooling services  --disable-log-config    logging configuration  --enable-log-forensic   forensic logging  --enable-logio          input and output logging  --disable-env           clearing/setting of ENV vars  --enable-mime-magic     automagically determining MIME type  --enable-cern-meta      CERN-type meta files  --enable-expires        Expires header control  --enable-headers        HTTP header control  --enable-ident          RFC 1413 identity check  --enable-usertrack      user-session tracking  --enable-unique-id      per-request unique ids  --disable-setenvif      basing ENV vars on headers  --enable-version        determining httpd version in config files  --enable-proxy          Apache proxy module  --enable-proxy-connect  Apache proxy CONNECT module  --enable-proxy-ftp      Apache proxy FTP module  --enable-proxy-http     Apache proxy HTTP module  --enable-proxy-ajp      Apache proxy AJP module  --enable-proxy-balancer Apache proxy BALANCER module  --enable-ssl            SSL/TLS support (mod_ssl)  --enable-distcache      Select distcache support in mod_ssl  --enable-optional-hook-export                          example optional hook exporter  --enable-optional-hook-import                          example optional hook importer  --enable-optional-fn-import                          example optional function importer  --enable-optional-fn-export                          example optional function exporter  --enable-static-support Build a statically linked version of the support                          binaries  --enable-static-htpasswd                          Build a statically linked version of htpasswd  --enable-static-htdigest                          Build a statically linked version of htdigest  --enable-static-rotatelogs                          Build a statically linked version of rotatelogs  --enable-static-logresolve                          Build a statically linked version of logresolve  --enable-static-htdbm   Build a statically linked version of htdbm  --enable-static-ab      Build a statically linked version of ab  --enable-static-checkgid                          Build a statically linked version of checkgid  --enable-static-htcacheclean                          Build a statically linked version of htcacheclean  --enable-static-httxt2dbm                          Build a statically linked version of httxt2dbm  --enable-http           HTTP protocol handling  --disable-mime          mapping of file-extension to MIME  --enable-dav            WebDAV protocol handling  --disable-status        process/thread monitoring  --disable-autoindex     directory listing  --disable-asis          as-is filetypes  --enable-info           server information  --enable-suexec         set uid and gid for spawned processes  --disable-cgid          CGI scripts  --enable-cgi            CGI scripts  --disable-cgi           CGI scripts  --enable-cgid           CGI scripts  --enable-dav-fs         DAV provider for the filesystem  --enable-dav-lock       DAV provider for generic locking  --enable-vhost-alias    mass virtual hosting module  --disable-negotiation   content negotiation  --disable-dir           directory request handling  --enable-imagemap       server-side imagemaps  --disable-actions       Action triggering on requests  --enable-speling        correct common URL misspellings  --disable-userdir       mapping of requests to user-specific directories  --disable-alias         mapping of requests to different filesystem parts  --enable-rewrite        rule based URL manipulation  --enable-so             DSO capabilityOptional Packages:  --with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]  --without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)  --with-included-apr     Use bundled copies of APR/APR-Util  --with-apr=PATH         prefix for installed APR or the full path to                             apr-config  --with-apr-util=PATH    prefix for installed APU or the full path to                             apu-config  --with-pcre=PATH        Use external PCRE library  --with-port=PORT        Port on which to listen (default is 80)  --with-sslport=SSLPORT  Port on which to securelisten (default is 443)  --with-z=DIR            use a specific zlib library  --with-sslc=DIR         RSA SSL-C SSL/TLS toolkit  --with-ssl=DIR          OpenSSL SSL/TLS toolkit  --with-mpm=MPM          Choose the process model for Apache to use.                          MPM={beos|event|worker|prefork|mpmt_os2}  --with-module=module-type:module-file                          Enable module-file in the modules/
directory. --with-program-name alternate executable name --with-suexec-bin Path to suexec binary --with-suexec-caller User allowed to call SuExec --with-suexec-userdir User subdirectory --with-suexec-docroot SuExec root directory --with-suexec-uidmin Minimal allowed UID --with-suexec-gidmin Minimal allowed GID --with-suexec-logfile Set the logfile --with-suexec-safepath Set the safepath --with-suexec-umask umask for suexec'd processSome influential environment variables: CC C compiler command CFLAGS C compiler flags LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L
if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l
CPPFLAGS C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I
if you have headers in a nonstandard directory
CPP C preprocessorUse these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to helpit to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

先只指定安装位置

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al总用量 1292drwxr-xr-x. 11  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 .drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      53 1月  25 22:48 ..-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  18571 6月  20 2008 acinclude.m4-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  54614 6月   7 2008 Apache.dsw-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zipdrwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 build-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2644 8月  24 2007 BuildAll.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2694 6月   7 2008 BuildBin.dsp-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games   5771 7月  12 2006 buildconf-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  88633 10月  7 2008 CHANGES-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games 648839 10月  7 2008 configure-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  23370 6月  21 2008 configure.in-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games      0 10月  7 2008 .depsdrwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    124 10月  7 2008 docs-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   7214 1月  24 2005 .gdbinit-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4124 6月  12 2008 httpd.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  19128 10月  7 2008 httpd.specdrwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 include-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4729 9月  19 2008 INSTALL-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2909 12月  8 2006 InstallBin.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  17039 1月  12 2007 libhttpd.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  28690 1月  19 2008 LICENSE-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8696 2月   5 2008 Makefile.in-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  33817 6月  13 2008 Makefile.windrwxr-xr-x. 20  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 modules-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    828 1月  11 2008 NOTICE-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10559 8月   7 2007 NWGNUmakefiledrwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    149 10月  7 2008 os-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5954 1月  10 2007 README-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4992 2月  18 2008 README.platforms-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10183 3月  14 2005 ROADMAPdrwxr-xr-x.  3  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 serverdrwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games     64 10月  7 2008 srclibdrwxr-xr-x.  4  501 games   4096 10月  7 2008 supportdrwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games    248 10月  7 2008 test-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2...  # 省略config.status: creating build/config_vars.shconfig.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.hconfig.status: include/ap_config_auto.h is unchangedconfig.status: executing default commands[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

注意到这一过程中并没有报错.

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al总用量 1404drwxr-xr-x. 11  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 .drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      53 1月  25 22:48 ..-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  18571 6月  20 2008 acinclude.m4-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  54614 6月   7 2008 Apache.dsw-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zipdrwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 build-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2644 8月  24 2007 BuildAll.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2694 6月   7 2008 BuildBin.dsp-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games   5771 7月  12 2006 buildconf-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  88633 10月  7 2008 CHANGES-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   51107 1月  25 22:51 config.log-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root      90 1月  25 22:51 config.nice-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root   40057 1月  25 22:51 config.status-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games 648839 10月  7 2008 configure-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  23370 6月  21 2008 configure.in-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games      0 1月  25 22:51 .depsdrwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    124 10月  7 2008 docs-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   7214 1月  24 2005 .gdbinit-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4124 6月  12 2008 httpd.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  19128 10月  7 2008 httpd.specdrwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 include-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4729 9月  19 2008 INSTALL-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2909 12月  8 2006 InstallBin.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  17039 1月  12 2007 libhttpd.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  28690 1月  19 2008 LICENSE-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    8911 1月  25 22:51 Makefile-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8696 2月   5 2008 Makefile.in-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  33817 6月  13 2008 Makefile.windrwxr-xr-x. 20  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 modules-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    3718 1月  25 22:51 modules.c-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    828 1月  11 2008 NOTICE-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10559 8月   7 2007 NWGNUmakefiledrwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    178 1月  25 22:51 os-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5954 1月  10 2007 README-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4992 2月  18 2008 README.platforms-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10183 3月  14 2005 ROADMAPdrwxr-xr-x.  3  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 serverdrwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games     93 1月  25 22:51 srclibdrwxr-xr-x.  4  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 supportdrwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games    277 1月  25 22:51 test-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

make 编译

  • make clean # 万一编译过程报错,结束时清除编译之后的缓存文件
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# make...make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.10”[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al总用量 2220drwxr-xr-x. 12  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:56 .drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root      53 1月  25 22:48 ..-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  14882 11月 22 2004 ABOUT_APACHE-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  18571 6月  20 2008 acinclude.m4-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  54614 6月   7 2008 Apache.dsw-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games 189152 11月 22 2004 apachenw.mcp.zipdrwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 build-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2644 8月  24 2007 BuildAll.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2694 6月   7 2008 BuildBin.dsp-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games   5771 7月  12 2006 buildconf-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    1496 1月  25 22:56 buildmark.o-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  88633 10月  7 2008 CHANGES-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10943 11月 22 2004 config.layout-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   51107 1月  25 22:51 config.log-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root      90 1月  25 22:51 config.nice-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root   40057 1月  25 22:51 config.status-rwxr-xr-x.  1  501 games 648839 10月  7 2008 configure-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  23370 6月  21 2008 configure.in-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games      0 1月  25 22:51 .depsdrwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    124 10月  7 2008 docs-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    403 11月 22 2004 emacs-style-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   7214 1月  24 2005 .gdbinit-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root  814640 1月  25 22:56 httpd-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4124 6月  12 2008 httpd.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  19128 10月  7 2008 httpd.specdrwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 include-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4729 9月  19 2008 INSTALL-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   2909 12月  8 2006 InstallBin.dsp-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5145 11月 29 2005 LAYOUT-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  17039 1月  12 2007 libhttpd.dspdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      23 1月  25 22:56 .libs-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  28690 1月  19 2008 LICENSE-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    8911 1月  25 22:51 Makefile-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8696 2月   5 2008 Makefile.in-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  33817 6月  13 2008 Makefile.windrwxr-xr-x. 20  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:51 modules-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    3718 1月  25 22:51 modules.c-rw-r--r--.  1 root root     273 1月  25 22:56 modules.lo-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    6064 1月  25 22:56 modules.o-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games    828 1月  11 2008 NOTICE-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10559 8月   7 2007 NWGNUmakefiledrwxr-xr-x.  9  501 games    178 1月  25 22:51 os-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   5954 1月  10 2007 README-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   4992 2月  18 2008 README.platforms-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games  10183 3月  14 2005 ROADMAPdrwxr-xr-x.  4  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:56 serverdrwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games     93 1月  25 22:51 srclibdrwxr-xr-x.  5  501 games   4096 1月  25 22:56 supportdrwxr-xr-x.  2  501 games    277 1月  25 22:51 test-rw-r--r--.  1  501 games   8183 10月 18 2005 VERSIONING[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

make install 编译安装

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# make install...mkdir /usr/local/apache2/man/man8mkdir /usr/local/apache2/manualmake[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.10”[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

查看安装位置:

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# ls -al /usr/local/apache2/总用量 32drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root  164 1月  25 22:57 .drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root  146 1月  25 22:57 ..drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  243 1月  25 22:57 bindrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  167 1月  25 22:57 builddrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   38 1月  25 22:57 cgi-bindrwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   84 1月  25 22:57 confdrwxr-xr-x.  3 root root 4096 1月  25 22:57 errordrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  139 10月  7 2008 htdocsdrwxr-xr-x.  3 root root 8192 1月  25 22:57 iconsdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 1月  25 22:57 includedrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 1月  25 22:57 logsdrwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   30 1月  25 22:57 mandrwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 8192 10月  7 2008 manualdrwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   23 1月  25 22:57 modules[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

启动:

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl starthttpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName(98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80(98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80no listening sockets available, shutting downUnable to open logs[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

端口冲突,先停掉端口

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      126958/httpd        unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     29380    1636/master          public/showqunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     36801    2533/pulseaudio      /run/user/0/pulse/native[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# kill -9 126958[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     29380    1636/master          public/showqunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     36801    2533/pulseaudio      /run/user/0/pulse/native[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl starthttpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# netstat -lnp|grep 80                  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      50998/httpd         unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     29380    1636/master          public/showqunix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     36801    2533/pulseaudio      /run/user/0/pulse/native[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

问题:我怎么知道Apache的启动命令是/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start呢?

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cd [root@localhost ~]# pwd/root[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.2.10/[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cat INSTALL   APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW  Quick Start - Unix  ------------------  For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or  http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/install.html   #...安装步骤     $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX  #...编译前准备,指定安装目录PREFIX     $ make  # 编译     $ make install  # 安装     $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start  # 启动方法: PREFIX由于第一步指定...[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

测试:

先关闭防火墙:

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl status firewalld● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: active (running) since 三 2019-01-23 17:54:20 CST; 2 days ago     Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 908 (firewalld)    Tasks: 2   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service           └─908 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid1月 23 17:54:19 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...1月 23 17:54:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)   Active: inactive (dead) since 六 2019-01-26 00:41:01 CST; 9s ago     Docs: man:firewalld(1)  Process: 908 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 908 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)1月 23 17:54:19 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...1月 23 17:54:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.1月 26 00:40:57 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...1月 26 00:41:01 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

说明:

firewalld的基本使用

启动: systemctl start firewalld
关闭: systemctl stop firewalld
查看状态: systemctl status firewalld
开机禁用 : systemctl disable firewalld
开机启用 : systemctl enable firewalld

在这里插入图片描述

修改:

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# vi /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html

It works!


Hello onefine

~ :wq[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]# cat /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html

It works!


Hello onefine

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.10]#

在这里插入图片描述

关闭:/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop

ok,成功

4. 源码包的卸载

不需要卸载命令,直接删除安装目录即可,不会遗留任何垃圾文件。


  1. 脚本安装包

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