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三剑客简介

docker-machine

docker技术是基于Linux内核的cgroup技术实现的，那么问题来了，在非Linux平台上是否就不能使用docker技术了呢？答案是可以的，不过显然需要借助虚拟机去模拟出Linux环境来。

docker-machine就是docker公司官方提出的，用于在各种平台上快速创建具有docker服务的虚拟机的技术，甚至可以通过指定driver来定制虚拟机的实现原理（一般是virtualbox）。

docker-compose

docker镜像在创建之后，往往需要自己手动pull来获取镜像，然后执行run命令来运行。当服务需要用到多种容器，容器之间又产生了各种依赖和连接的时候，部署一个服务的手动操作是令人感到十分厌烦的。

dcoker-compose技术，就是通过一个.yml配置文件，将所有的容器的部署方法、文件映射、容器连接等等一系列的配置写在一个配置文件里，最后只需要执行docker-compose up命令就会像执行脚本一样的去一个个安装容器并自动部署他们，极大的便利了复杂服务的部署。

docker-swarm

swarm是基于docker平台实现的集群技术，他可以通过几条简单的指令快速的创建一个docker集群，接着在集群的共享网络上部署应用，最终实现分布式的服务。

docker-compose 的工作流程

使用Compose仅需要三步：

1、用一个定义你的应用程序的环境，Dockerfile这样它就可以在任何地方再现。

2、定义组成您的应用程序的服务，docker-compose.yml 以便它们可以在隔离的环境中一起运行。

3、运行docker-compose up和撰写启动并运行您的整个应用程序。

参考文章：

docker-compose安装布署

[root@docker ~]# curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed100   617    0   617    0     0    396      0 --:--:--  0:00:01 --:--:--   397100 10.3M  100 10.3M    0     0   678k      0  0:00:15  0:00:15 --:--:-- 1876k[root@docker ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose [root@docker ~]# docker-compose --versiondocker-compose version 1.21.2, build a133471

docker-compose管理命令介绍

Compose具有管理应用程序整个生命周期的命令：

• 启动，停止和重建服务
• 查看正在运行的服务的状态
• 流式传输运行服务的日志输出
• 在服务上运行一次性命令

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose --helpDefine and run multi-container applications with Docker.Usage:  docker-compose [-f 
   
    ...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]  docker-compose -h|--helpOptions:  -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file                              (default: docker-compose.yml)  -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name                              (default: directory name)  --verbose                   Show more output  --log-level LEVEL           Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)  --no-ansi                   Do not print ANSI control characters  -v, --version               Print version and exit  -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to  --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify  --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA  --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file  --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file  --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote  --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the                              name specified in the client certificate  --project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory                              (default: the path of the Compose file)  --compatibility             If set, Compose will attempt to convert deploy                              keys in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalentCommands:  build              Build or rebuild services  bundle             Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file  config             Validate and view the Compose file  create             Create services  down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes  events             Receive real time events from containers  exec               Execute a command in a running container  help               Get help on a command  images             List images  kill               Kill containers  logs               View output from containers  pause              Pause services  port               Print the public port for a port binding  ps                 List containers  pull               Pull service images  push               Push service images  restart            Restart services  rm                 Remove stopped containers  run                Run a one-off command  scale              Set number of containers for a service  start              Start services  stop               Stop services  top                Display the running processes  unpause            Unpause services  up                 Create and start containers  version            Show the Docker-Compose version information
   

docker-compose 运行时是需要指定service名称，可以同时指定多个，也可以不指定。不指定时默认就是对配置文件中所有的service执行命令。

-f #用于指定配置文件

-p #用于指定项目名称

docker-compose build

用来创建或重新创建服务使用的镜像 docker-compose build service_a 创建一个镜像名叫service_a

docker-compose kill

用于通过容器发送SIGKILL信号强行停止服务

docker-compose logs

显示service的日志信息

docker-compose pause/unpause

docker-compose pause #暂停服务 docker-compose unpause #恢复被暂停的服务

docker-compose port

用于查看服务中的端口与物理机的映射关系 docker-compose port nginx_web 80 查看服务中80端口映射到物理机上的那个端口

dokcer-compose ps

用于显示当前项目下的容器 注意，此命令与docker ps不同作用，此命令会显示停止后的容器（状态为Exited），只征对某个项目。

docker-compose pull

用于拉取服务依赖的镜像

docker-compose restart

用于重启某个服务中的所有容器 docker-compose restart service_name 只有正在运行的服务可以使用重启命令，停止的服务是不可以重启

docker-compose rm

删除停止的服务（服务里的容器）

-f #强制删除

-v #删除与容器相关的卷（volumes）

docker-compose run

用于在服务中运行一个一次性的命令。这个命令会新建一个容器，它的配置和srvice的配置相同。 但两者之间还是有两点不同之处

1、run指定的命令会直接覆盖掉service配置中指定的命令

2、run命令启动的容器不会创建在service配置中指定的端口，如果需要指定使用–service-ports指定

docker-compose start/stop

docker-compose start 启动运行某个服务的所有容器 docker-compose stop 启动运行某个服务的所有容器

docker-compose scale

指定某个服务启动的容器个数

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose scale --helpNumbers are specified in the form `service=num` as arguments.For example:    $ docker-compose scale web=2 worker=3This command is deprecated. Use the up command with the `--scale` flaginstead.Usage: scale [options] [SERVICE=NUM...]Options:  -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.                             (default: 10)

docker-compose配置文件实例

一个docker-compose.yml的实例文件如下

version: "3"services:  nginx:    container_name: web-nginx    image: nginx:latest    restart: always    ports:      - 80:80    volumes:    - ./webserver:/webserver    - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

下面将配置文件做个简单的解释说明

docker-compose的配置文件是一个.yml格式的文件第一部分version: "3"  #指定语法的版本第二部分services:     #定义服务  nginx:      #服务的名称，-p参数后接服务名称    container_name: web-nginx    #容器的名称    image: nginx:latest          #镜像    restart: always    ports:                       #端口映射      - 80:80第三部分volumes:       #物理机与容器的磁盘映射关系    - ./webserver:/webserver    - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

整体的目录结构如下

[root@docker docker]# tree ././├── docker-compose.yml├── nginx│?? └── nginx.conf└── webserver    └── index.html2 directories, 3 files

配置文件如下

[root@docker docker]# cat webserver/index.html welcome to nginx server!!!!!!!!![root@docker docker]# cat nginx/nginx.conf#user  nginx;worker_processes  1;error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;    client_max_body_size 10m;      sendfile        on;    #tcp_nopush     on;    keepalive_timeout  65;    #gzip  on;server {    listen       80;    server_name  localhost;    location / {        root   /webserver;        index  index.html index.htm;    }}    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;}

使用命令启动容器

[root@docker docker]# docker-compose up -dPulling nginx (nginx:1.14)...Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ... 1.14: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginxf2aa67a397c4: Already exists6160d1ac49e9: Pull complete046b67408776: Pull completeDigest: sha256:85ab7c44474df01422fe8fdbf9c28e497df427e8a67ce6d47ba027c49be4bdc6Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:1.14Creating nginx-server ... done[root@docker docker]# lsof -i :80COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE  DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAMEdocker-pr 891 root    4u  IPv6 1187080      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)[root@docker docker]# docker ps |grep nginx07ca899cc44b   nginx:1.14   "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   29 seconds ago  Up 28 seconds  0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp  nginx-server#如果启动时不指定里面的服务名称，就是直接启动配置文件里所有的服务

浏览器测试是否正常访问

然后我们修改相应的首页文件如下

[root@docker docker]# cat webserver/index.html     
          
欢迎来nginx站点

再次打开浏览器查看效果

#是不是非常的方便

使用Docker-Compose部署nginx代理Tomcat集群,实现负载均衡

大体步骤分为以下四步

1、下载所需的文件tomcat,jdk

2、编写dockerfile来布署tomcat与java环境，生成镜像文件

3、编写docker-compose.yml配置文件，启动所有容器服务

4、测试负载均衡

具体配置文件如下

#整个目录结构[root@master java]# tree ././├── docker-compose.yml├── etc│   └── localtime├── nginx│   └── nginx.conf├── tomcat│   ├── apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz│   ├── Dockerfile│   └── jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz└── webserver    ├── tomcatA    │   └── index.jsp    └── tomcatB        └── index.jsp6 directories, 8 files

两个测试首页文件

[root@master java]# cat webserver/tomcatA/index.jsp welcome to tomcat-A server[root@master java]# cat webserver/tomcatB/index.jsp welcome to tomcat-B server

配置文件

[root@master java]# cat docker-compose.yml version: "3"services:  nginx:    image: nginx:1.14    restart: always    ports:      - 80:80    links:      - tomcat1:tomcat1      - tomcat2:tomcat2    volumes:      - ./webserver:/webserver      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf      - ./etc/localtime:/etc/localtime    depends_on:      - tomcat1      - tomcat2  tomcat1:    hostname: tomcat1    build: ./tomcat    volumes:      - ./webserver/tomcatA:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/webapps/ROOT      - ./etc/localtime:/etc/localtime  tomcat2:    hostname: tomcat2    build: ./tomcat    volumes:      - ./webserver/tomcatB:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/webapps/ROOT      - ./etc/localtime:/etc/localtime

**安装JAVA环

[root@master java]# cat tomcat/Dockerfile FROM centosADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/localENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz /usr/localEXPOSE 8080ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/bin/catalina.sh", "run"]

启动所有容器服务

[root@master java]# docker-compose upBuilding tomcat1Step 1/6 : FROM centosTrying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos7dc0dca2b151: Pull completeDigest: sha256:b67d21dfe609ddacf404589e04631d90a342921e81c40aeaf3391f6717fa5322Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/centos:latest ---> 49f7960eb7e4Step 2/6 : ADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local ---> 8c9e14062a24Removing intermediate container a499940235acStep 3/6 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144 ---> Running in cefedfd97f61 ---> 12528cd5a517Removing intermediate container cefedfd97f61Step 4/6 : ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz /usr/local ---> 246fa08bea1cRemoving intermediate container a1aaaa2bf0b8Step 5/6 : EXPOSE 8080 ---> Running in 87c4b41f3c1e ---> fd207f27b830Removing intermediate container 87c4b41f3c1eStep 6/6 : ENTRYPOINT /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/bin/catalina.sh run ---> Running in 9adaed8e3ab9 ---> b6fc6d3925f7Removing intermediate container 9adaed8e3ab9Successfully built b6fc6d3925f7WARNING: Image for service tomcat1 was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.Building tomcat2Step 1/6 : FROM centos ---> 49f7960eb7e4Step 2/6 : ADD jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local ---> Using cache ---> 8c9e14062a24Step 3/6 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_144 ---> Using cache ---> 12528cd5a517Step 4/6 : ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz /usr/local ---> Using cache ---> 246fa08bea1cStep 5/6 : EXPOSE 8080 ---> Using cache ---> fd207f27b830Step 6/6 : ENTRYPOINT /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/bin/catalina.sh run ---> Using cache ---> b6fc6d3925f7Successfully built b6fc6d3925f7WARNING: Image for service tomcat2 was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.Pulling nginx (nginx:1.14)...Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ... 1.14: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginxf2aa67a397c4: Already exists6160d1ac49e9: Pull complete046b67408776: Pull completeDigest: sha256:85ab7c44474df01422fe8fdbf9c28e497df427e8a67ce6d47ba027c49be4bdc6Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:1.14Creating java_tomcat2_1 ... doneCreating java_tomcat1_1 ... doneCreating java_nginx_1   ... done

查看启动情况

[root@master java]# docker-compose ps     Name                   Command               State         Ports       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------java_nginx_1     nginx -g daemon off;             Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcpjava_tomcat1_1   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8 ...   Up      8080/tcp          java_tomcat2_1   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8 ...   Up      8080/tcp

检测负载均衡

[root@master java]# curl http://localhostwelcome to tomcat-A server[root@master java]# curl http://localhostwelcome to tomcat-B server[root@master java]# curl http://localhostwelcome to tomcat-A server[root@master java]# curl http://localhostwelcome to tomcat-B server

浏览器访问测试负载均衡

查看日志输出信息

nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:33 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:34 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 499 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:34 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:36 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 499 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:36 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:36 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:37 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:14:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"nginx_1    | 172.19.0.1 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:18:30 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"nginx_1    | 172.19.0.1 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:18:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"nginx_1    | 172.19.0.1 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:18:32 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"nginx_1    | 172.19.0.1 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:18:33 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"nginx_1    | 192.168.22.170 - - [08/Jun/2018:02:19:32 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 27 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36" "-"

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