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连接数据库

sqlalchemy

1. 数据库驱动：
   pip install pymysql
   或者
   pip install sql-connector
   
2. 在flask虚拟环境中安装sqlalchemy
   pip install flask-sqlalchemy
   默认安装：Successfully installed SQLAlchemy-1.3.8 flask-sqlalchemy-2.4.0

settings.pyclass Config:    DEBUG = False    TESTING = False    # mysql+pymysql://user:password@host:port/database    # SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://gjp:976431@49.235.194.73:3306/test'    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+mysqlconnector://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/mydb'    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True

3. 安装：
   pip install flask-script

a. 设置服务器

b. 控制sqlachemy数据库

exts      |-- __init__.py            |               db =SQLAlchemy()      def create_app():           app = Flask(__name__)           ...           db.init_app(app)      migrate = Migrate(app=app,db=db)      manager.add_command('命令名',MigrateCommand)      使用命令: db      python app.py db init   ----------> 产生一个文件夹  migrations                                    此文件中存在versions文件夹                                    versions作用：                                        保存你做出的各种更改                                        xxxx.py                                        xxxx.py

apps:__init__.pyfrom flask import Flaskfrom apps.views.blog_view import blog_bpfrom exts import dbfrom settings import DevelopmentConfigdef create_app():    app = Flask(__name__)    app.config.from_object(DevelopmentConfig)    db.init_app(app)    # 注册蓝图    app.register_blueprint(blog_bp,url_prefix='/blog')    return appexits:__init__.pyfrom flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemydb = SQLAlchemy()app.pyfrom flask_migrate import MigrateCommand, Migratefrom flask_script import Managerfrom apps.models.user_model import Userfrom apps import create_appfrom exts import dbapp = create_app()manager = Manager(app)# 创建数据库命令migrate = Migrate(app=app, db=db)  # db 就是SQLAlchemy对象manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)if __name__ == '__main__':    # app.run()    manager.run()apps:models:user_models.pyfrom exts import db# db 就是SQLAlchemyclass User(db.Model):    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)    username = db.Column(db.String(10), nullable=False)    password = db.Column(db.String(10), nullable=False)    phone = db.Column(db.String(11), nullable=False, unique=True)    def __str__(self):        return self.username

步骤：

1. 创建app
2. 创建SQLAlchemy并绑定app
3. 创建manager并且绑定migrate
4. Templates+view+Blueprint

import hashlibfrom flask import Blueprint, render_template, request, redirect, url_forfrom sqlalchemy import or_from apps.models.blog_model import Userfrom exts import dbblog_bp = Blueprint('blog', __name__, url_prefix='/blog')# 首页@blog_bp.route('/', endpoint='index')def index():    return render_template('index.html')# 用户更新@blog_bp.route('/update', endpoint='update', methods=['GET', 'POST'])def user_update():    if request.method == 'GET':        id = request.args.get('id')        user = User.query.get(id)  # 要更新的用户对象        return render_template('update.html', user=user)    else:        id = request.form.get('id')        username = request.form.get('username')        phone = request.form.get('phone')        isdelete = request.form.get('isdelete')        user = User.query.get(id)  # 要更新的用户对象        user.username = username        user.phone = phone        # isdelete添加判断        db.session.commit()        return redirect(url_for('blog.uall'))# 用户删除@blog_bp.route('/delete/
   
    ', endpoint='delete')def user_delete(id):    user = User.query.get(id)  # 根据主键查找对象    # print(user)    # db.session.delete(user)  # 物理删除    user.isdelete = True    db.session.commit()    return redirect(url_for('blog.uall'))# 用户检索@blog_bp.route('/search', endpoint='search', methods=['POST'])def user_search():    search = request.form.get('search')    if search:        # users = User.query.filter(or_(User.username==search,        #                       User.phone == search)).all()  # select * from user where username=search or phone=search        # number = User.query.filter(or_(User.username==search,        #                       User.phone == search)).count()        users = User.query.filter(or_(User.username.like('%' + search + '%'), User.phone == search)).all()        number = User.query.filter(or_(User.username.like(search), User.phone == search)).count()        return render_template('user_all.html', users=users, number=number)    else:        return redirect(url_for('blog.index'))# 显示所有用户@blog_bp.route('/userall', endpoint='uall')def user_all():    # users = User.query.filter_by(isdelete=False).all()    # users = User.query.filter(User.isdelete == False, User.phone.startswith('150')).order_by(-User.rdatetime)    users = User.query.all()    number = User.query.count()    return render_template('user_all.html', users=users, number=number)# 用户登录@blog_bp.route('/login', endpoint='login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])def user_login():    if request.method == 'POST':        username = request.form.get('username')        pwd1 = request.form.get('password1')        pwd = hashlib.sha1(pwd1.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()        # 查询        user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()  # select * from user where username=xxxx        if pwd == user.password:            return '用户登录成功！'        else:            return render_template('login.html', msg='用户名或者密码有误！')    return render_template('login.html')# 用户注册@blog_bp.route('/register', endpoint='register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])def user_register():    if request.method == 'POST':        # 获取表单提交的内容        username = request.form.get('username')        pwd1 = request.form.get('password1')        pwd2 = request.form.get('password2')        phone = request.form.get('phone')        if pwd1 == pwd2:            # 存放到数据库            pwd = hashlib.sha1(pwd1.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()            print(pwd)            # 添加数据步骤:            # 1. 创建模型对象            user = User()            # 2. 给对象赋值            user.username = username            user.password = pwd            user.phone = phone            # 3. 向数据库提交数据            db.session.add(user)            db.session.commit()            return redirect(url_for('blog.index'))        else:            return render_template('register.html', msg=' 密码不一致')    return render_template('register.html')
   

删除和更新;

物理删除：

1. 根据主键找到要删除user对象
   user = User.query.get(id) # 根据主键查找对象
2. 利用db.session完成删除操作
   db.session.delete(user)
3. 提交
   db.session.commit()

逻辑删除：

1. 根据主键找到要删除user对象
   user = User.query.get(id) # 根据主键查找对象
2. 更改isdelete
   user.isdelete=True
3. 提交更改
   db.session.commit()

    
               
       
       
       
       
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