推荐使用dockerfile(本文直接拉取tomcat需要进入容器自行安装vim)：docker利用Dockerfile来制作镜像 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-03/157804.htm

1.查找Docker Hub上的tomcat镜像

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker search tomcat

INDEX      NAME                                                DESCRIPTION                                    STARS    OFFICIAL  AUTOMATED

docker.io  docker.io/tomcat                                    Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...  2324      [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/tomee                                      Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE cert...  64        [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/dordoka/tomcat                            Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba...  52                  [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/davidcaste/alpine-tomcat                  Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 wi...  34                  [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/bitnami/tomcat                            Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                    28                  [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/cloudesire/tomcat                          Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            14                  [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/meirwa/spring-boot-tomcat-MySQL-app        a sample spring-boot app using tomcat and ...  12                  [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/aallam/tomcat-mysql                        Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL              11                  [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/tutum/tomcat                              Base docker image to run a Tomcat applicat...  11

docker.io  docker.io/jeanblanchard/tomcat                      Minimal Docker image with Apache Tomcat        8

docker.io  docker.io/arm32v7/tomcat                            Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...  6

docker.io  docker.io/maluuba/tomcat7-java8                      Tomcat7 with java8.                            3

docker.io  docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat                          CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application s...  3                    [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/amd64/tomcat                              Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...  2

docker.io  docker.io/arm64v8/tomcat                            Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...  2

docker.io  docker.io/fabric8/tomcat-8                          Fabric8 Tomcat 8 Image                          2                    [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/99taxis/tomcat7                            Tomcat7                                        1                    [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/camptocamp/tomcat-logback                  Docker image for tomcat with logback integ...  1                    [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/1and1internet/debian-9-java-8-tomcat-8.5  Our tomcat 8.5 image                            0                    [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/cfje/tomcat-resource                      Tomcat Concourse Resource                      0

docker.io  docker.io/jelastic/tomcat                            An image of the Tomcat Java application se...  0

docker.io  docker.io/oobsri/tomcat8                            Testing CI Jobs with different names.          0

docker.io  docker.io/picoded/tomcat7                            tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAG...  0                    [OK]

docker.io  docker.io/s390x/tomcat                              Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...  0

docker.io  docker.io/swisstopo/service-print-tomcat            backend tomcat for service-print "the true...  0

2.查看本地已有镜像

docker images

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID            CREATED            SIZE

3.拉取镜像

docker pull tomcat:8  ##version 如果很慢请参照：docker pull centos慢问题的解决方案

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker pull tomcat:8

Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/tomcat ...

8: Pulling from docker.io/library/tomcat

22dbe790f715: Pull complete

0250231711a0: Pull complete

6fba9447437b: Pull complete

4afad9c4aba6: Pull complete

12fce9923c9d: Pull complete

0dd81083d77e: Pull complete

4c2afc6ff72d: Pull complete

a62332a260f5: Pull complete

96dfb5ad080f: Pull complete

782f63228ce1: Pull complete

d610fffe30ad: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:aacce4e5ca37a3b8241c544deffd65f4cafbfb1a2fb2066f97621253c34f7dc4

Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/tomcat:8

[root@localhost sysctl.d]#

验证

docker images

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID            CREATED            SIZE

docker.io/tomcat    8                  dd6ff929584a        2 weeks ago        463 MB

[root@localhost sysctl.d]#

4.启动tomcat

docker run -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat ####前者是外部访问端口，后者是容器内映射端口

如下命令可后台启动tomcat

-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；

-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；

-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat

Unable to find image 'tomcat:latest' locally

Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/tomcat ...

latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/tomcat

Digest: sha256:aacce4e5ca37a3b8241c544deffd65f4cafbfb1a2fb2066f97621253c34f7dc4

Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/tomcat:latest

6a3c7c96df932566cc24cf7811ba774eb4c3f59f498ffc79d9f576ba2c589d04

5.查看运行中的容器

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE              COMMAND            CREATED            STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES

6a3c7c96df93        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"  22 seconds ago      Up 20 seconds              0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp    youthful_carson

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# cd

6.进入已经运行的容器

docker exec -it containerID /bin/bash 这个命令exit退出，ok容器还在运行

docker attach id 刚方法进入之后，exit退出就会导致容器stop

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE              COMMAND            CREATED            STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES

6a3c7c96df93        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"  22 seconds ago      Up 20 seconds              0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp    youthful_carson

27c726b541d5        mytomcat:1.0        "/root/run.sh"      14 hours ago        Up 14 hours                0.0.0.0:58080->8080/tcp  mytomcat_1

6afe7d52b011        9f3                "/bin/bash"        15 hours ago        Exited (0) 15 hours ago                              jovial_mayer

8e9e23f4cd3b        9f3                "/bin/bash"        16 hours ago        Exited (127) 15 hours ago                            admiring_rosalind

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# cd

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 6a3c /bin/bash

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat#

添加新文件

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cd ROOT/

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT# ls

RELEASE-NOTES.txt  asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-middle.png    bg-nav.png    favicon.ico  tomcat-power.gif  tomcat.gif  tomcat.svg

WEB-INF            bg-button.png      bg-nav-item.png  bg-upper.png  index.jsp    tomcat.css        tomcat.png

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT# mkdir test

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT# cd test

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# vi showpage.jsp

bash: vi: command not found

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# tounch showpage.jsp

bash: tounch: command not found

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# touch showpage.jsp

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# vi showpage.jsp

bash: vi: command not found

无法使用vi vim

apt-get update，这个命令的作用是：同步 /etc/apt/sources.list 和 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 中列出的源的索引，这样才能获取到最新的软件包。

等更新完毕以后再敲命令：apt-get install vi命令即可

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# apt-get update

Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch InRelease

Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates InRelease [91.0 kB]

Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release [118 kB]

Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates/main amd64 Packages [11.1 kB]

Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release.gpg [2434 B]

Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 Packages [7084 kB]

Err:7 http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates InRelease

Cannot initiate the connection to prod.debian.map.fastly.net:80 (2a04:4e42:a::204). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) Cannot initiate the connection to security.debian.org:80 (2401:2500:103:11a::74). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) [IP: 2401:2500:103:11a::74 80]

Fetched 7306 kB in 43s (168 kB/s)

Reading package lists... Done

W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/debian-security/dists/stretch/updates/InRelease  Cannot initiate the connection to prod.debian.map.fastly.net:80 (2a04:4e42:a::204). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) Cannot initiate the connection to security.debian.org:80 (2401:2500:103:11a::74). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) [IP: 2401:2500:103:11a::74 80]

W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test#

仍然不可用并提示E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# apt-get install vim --fix-missing

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

The following additional packages will be installed:

libgpm2 vim-common vim-runtime xxd

Suggested packages:

gpm ctags vim-doc vim-scripts

The following NEW packages will be installed:

libgpm2 vim vim-common vim-runtime xxd

0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Need to get 6766 kB of archives.

After this operation, 31.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

Get:1 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 xxd amd64 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 [132 kB]

Get:2 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 vim-common all 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 [159 kB]

Get:3 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 libgpm2 amd64 1.20.4-6.2+b1 [34.2 kB]

Get:4 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 [5407 kB]

Get:5 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 [1034 kB]

Fetched 6766 kB in 8min 44s (12.9 kB/s)

debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed

Selecting previously unselected package xxd.

(Reading database ... 16623 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack .../xxd_2%3a8.0.0197-4+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking xxd (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package vim-common.

Preparing to unpack .../vim-common_2%3a8.0.0197-4+deb9u1_all.deb ...

Unpacking vim-common (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libgpm2:amd64.

Preparing to unpack .../libgpm2_1.20.4-6.2+b1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.4-6.2+b1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package vim-runtime.

;?eparing to unpack .../vim-runtime_2%3a8.0.0197-4+deb9u1_all.deb ...

ding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/help.txt to /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/help.txt.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'

Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/tags to /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/tags.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'

Unpacking vim-runtime (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package vim.

Preparing to unpack .../vim_2%3a8.0.0197-4+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking vim (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) ...

Setting up xxd (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) ...

Setting up libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.4-6.2+b1) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u4) ...

Setting up vim-common (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) ...

Setting up vim-runtime (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) ...

Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-1) ...

Setting up vim (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) ...

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vim (vim) in auto mode

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vimdiff (vimdiff) in auto mode

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rvim (rvim) in auto mode

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode

update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode

7.添加hello wold页面

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# pwd

/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# vi showpage.jsp

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# cat showpage.jsp

Hello World!

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test#

8.基于此制作新镜像

退出6a3c 容器，并停止容器

root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# exit

exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE              COMMAND            CREATED            STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES

6a3c7c96df93        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"  2 hours ago        Up 2 hours                  0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp    youthful_carson

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 6a3c

6a3c

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE              COMMAND            CREATED            STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES

6a3c7c96df93        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"  2 hours ago        Exited (143) 4 seconds ago                            youthful_carson

[root@localhost ~]#

使用以下命令，根据某个“容器 ID”来创建一个新的“镜像”：

docker commit 6a3c my_tomcat:1.0

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID            CREATED            SIZE

docker.io/centos    latest              9f38484d220f        11 days ago        202 MB

docker.io/tomcat    8                  dd6ff929584a        2 weeks ago        463 MB

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE              COMMAND            CREATED            STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES

6a3c7c96df93        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"  2 hours ago        Exited (143) 2 minutes ago                            youthful_carson

[root@localhost ~]# docker commit 6a3c my_tomcat:1.0

sha256:20e7c603432c2d9b39598809a028cf9f4e30eb43bf3b5db287fb278d7cb43e11

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID            CREATED            SIZE

my_tomcat        1.0                20e7c603432c        14 seconds ago      510 MB

docker.io/centos    latest              9f38484d220f        11 days ago        202 MB

docker.io/tomcat    8                  dd6ff929584a        2 weeks ago        463 MB

[root@localhost ~]#

9.验证新镜像

docker run -d -p 8080:8080 my_tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE              COMMAND            CREATED            STATUS                        PORTS                    NAMES

6a3c7c96df93        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"  2 hours ago        Exited (143) 11 minutes ago                            youthful_carson

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                IMAGE ID            CREATED            SIZE

my_tomcat        1.0                20e7c603432c        7 minutes ago      510 MB

docker.io/centos    latest              9f38484d220f        11 days ago        202 MB

docker.io/tomcat    8                  dd6ff929584a        2 weeks ago        463 MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name my_tomcat_00 my_tomcat

Unable to find image 'cmiot_tomcat:latest' locally

Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/cmiot_tomcat ...

/usr/bin/docker-current: repository docker.io/cmiot_tomcat not found: does not exist or no pull access.

See '/usr/bin/docker-current run --help'.

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name my_tomcat_00 my_tomcat:1.0

0a299b64105fac63371978168a67f9015b361f9816678c0e4bb2ee174aa6ef55

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE              COMMAND            CREATED              STATUS                        PORTS                    NAMES

0a299b64105f        my_tomcat:1.0    "catalina.sh run"  About a minute ago  Up About a minute            0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp    my_tomcat_00

6a3c7c96df93        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"  2 hours ago          Exited (143) 14 minutes ago                            youthful_carson

[root@localhost ~]#