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先使用命令查看无线网卡的名字：

ifconfig

结果如下：

eth0: flags=4163
   
      mtu 1500        inet 192.168.123.165  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.123.255        inet6 fe80::8ced:f8c8:81e:4e78  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
            ether b8:27:eb:5f:7f:23  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 241360939  bytes 36052043728 (33.5 GiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 533542201  bytes 738621286186 (687.8 GiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73
    
       mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
     
              loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 269480  bytes 11338213 (10.8 MiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 269480  bytes 11338213 (10.8 MiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0wlan0: flags=4099
      
         mtu 1500        ether b8:27:eb:0a:2a:76  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
      
     
    
   

其中的wlan0就是树莓派自带的无线网卡。

ifconfig wlan0 mode monitor

会报错：

mode: Unknown hostifconfig: `--help' gives usage information.

使用如下命令查看无线网卡是否支持监听模式(monitor)：

iw list

输出结果如下：

Supported interface modes:                 * IBSS                 * managed                 * AP                 * P2P-client                 * P2P-GO                 * P2P-device

我发现树莓派自带的无线网卡不支持监听模式(monitor)

iw list

可以看出支持监听模式(monitor)：

Supported interface modes:                 * IBSS                 * managed                 * AP                 * AP/VLAN                 * monitor                 * mesh point

开启监听模式(monitor)：

ifconfig wlan1 downiwconfig wlan1 mode monitorifconfig wlan1 up

查看是否成功开启监听模式(monitor)：

iwconfig

结果如下，开启成功：

wlan1     IEEE 802.11  Mode:Monitor  Frequency:2.412 GHz  Tx-Power=30 dBm             Retry short  long limit:2   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off          Power Management:off

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