linux下:apache2.2.27 + tomcat7.0 + openssl-1.0.1g(集群+session共享|摘要认证|HTTPS)
发布日期:2022-02-09 20:39:04
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分类:技术文章
本文共 22751 字,大约阅读时间需要 75 分钟。
[b]前序:网上有很多资料都介绍了apache httpd + tomcat + openssl--集群、session共享与ssl的配置,作为一个入门新手,根本不懂得如何配置,才能达到以上目的;幸好网上资料较多,经过几天的努力终于配置成功,其中遇到的错误主要是linux虚拟机ip地址有问题与未安装C编译器GCC与Zlib软件,还有一个是JAP地址配置成了我们常用的8080地址-_-,少说废话,开始总结这份经验吧。[/b] 1.环境准备: [list] [*]linux虚拟机两个【一个也行,这是为了更好的测试】 [*]JDK1.7左右 [*]tomcat7.0两个以上:[url]http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi[/url]下载如图所示: [img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0097/6487/887f86a4-089c-318b-98c9-0c568af6b364.png[/img] [*]httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz:[url]http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi[/url]下载如图所示: [img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0097/6481/293b9f65-a50d-3286-90eb-ffaeb515a9f2.png[/img] [*]openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz:[url]http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz[/url] [/list] 2.错误集中地,你最好看到错误之后返回这里: [list] [*]ERROR1安装gcc:【yum install gcc】在服务器任意地方直接copy这段语句运行(它会问你y/N,回答它y)。 [color=red]错误为:configure: error: in `/root/httpd-2.2.27/srclib/apr': configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH See `config.log' for more details configure failed for srclib/apr[/color] [*]ERROR2安装zlib:【yum install zlib-devel -y】在服务器任意地方直接copy这段语句运行。 [color=red]错误为:checking for zlib location... not found[/color][/list] 3.首先安装apache httpd,你需要按照如下方式进行(配置有可能出ERROR1与ERROR2,解决这两个错误之后请重新把配置语句执行一遍): [list] [*]使用root用户(最好是root)上传:httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz [*]解压:tar -xvf httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz [*]①配置:./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-modules=so --enable-mods-shared=all --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect --enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-rewrite [*]制作:make [*]安装:make install [*]Over,安装完成。 [/list] 4.配置你的两个tomcat: [list] [*]tomcat_A,配置server.xml(${tomcatHome}/conf/server.xml),我的配置是:以上server.xml中,请重点关注以下两点: ⑴<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat_A"> 把jvmRoute改成你想象中的名字 ⑵Cluster加上这个节点中的所有内容,address="auto"这个默认会读取你的本机IP地址,如果你的机器IP地址设置有问题,你可以自己手动修改成本机地址,如address="192.168.0.27"。 [*]tomcat_B,配置server.xml(${tomcatHome}/conf/server.xml),我的配置是:
以上配置,基本与tomcat_A一样,只是Engine节点的jvmRoute属性为:tomcat_B。 [*]好了,两个tomcat已经配置完成,如果你的两个tomcat在同一台机器上面,你得修改任意一个tomcat的所有端口号,以免端口冲突。 [/list] 5.配置apache httpd: [list] [*]配置httpd.conf文件(usr/local/apache2/conf),我的配置内容为: # # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information. # In particular, see # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html> # for a discussion of each configuration directive. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log' # with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the # server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be # interpreted as '/log/access_log'. # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point # ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive # at a local disk. If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple # httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile. # ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache2" # # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost> # directive. # # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 8000 # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support # # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need # to be loaded here. # # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so #LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so #LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so #LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so #LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so #LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so #LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so #LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so <IfModule !mpm_netware_module> <IfModule !mpm_winnt_module> # # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch. # # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services. # User daemon Group daemon </IfModule> </IfModule> # 'Main' server configuration # # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. # # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. # # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com # ServerAdmin you@example.com # # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # #ServerName 192.168.0.27 # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs" # # Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that # directory (and its subdirectories). # # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of # features. # <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to. # <Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule> # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <FilesMatch "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog "logs/error_log" # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> # # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost> # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do* # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be # logged therein and *not* in this file. # CustomLog "logs/access_log" common # # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive. # #CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> # # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client # will make a new request for the document at its new location. # Example: # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar # # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot. # Example: # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path # # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to # the filesystem path. # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias # directives as to Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <IfModule cgid_module> # # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid. # #Scriptsock logs/cgisock </IfModule> # # "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # <Directory "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> # # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from # filename extension to MIME-type. # TypesConfig conf/mime.types # # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below) # # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi # For type maps (negotiated resources): #AddHandler type-map var # # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. # # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddType text/html .shtml #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # #MIMEMagicFile conf/magic # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # # # MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before # returning the entire resource, or one of the special # values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'. # Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges. #MaxRanges unlimited # # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver # files. This usually improves server performance, but must # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise # broken on your system. # #EnableMMAP off #EnableSendfile off # Supplemental configuration # # The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be # included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as # necessary. # Server-pool management (MPM specific) #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings #Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf # # Note: The following must must be present to support # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl. # <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> ProxyRequests Off <Proxy balancer://myCluster/> BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.27:8009 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat_A BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.30:8009 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat_B </Proxy> 以上配置中我修改了如下几点: ⑴#Listen 12.34.56.78:80 #Listen 80 Listen 8000 ⑵# Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # 这段配置下我注释了一些加载模块,请根据自己的选择注释一些无关的模块吧 ⑶# # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # ServerName 192.168.0.27 我去掉这个注释,给它加上了本机IP地址,这是由于我的虚拟机IP地址设置有问题,如果你的正常可以不用修改 ⑷# Virtual hosts Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 去掉这个注释,这个文件配置内容在下面有讲 ⑸ProxyRequests Off <Proxy balancer://myCluster/> BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.27:8009 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat_A BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.30:8009 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat_B </Proxy> 在末尾加上这个,其中8009为tomcat的AJP端口号,请不要弄错8080那个类型的端口号了,tomcat_A、tomcat_B你应该知道修改成什么。 [/list] 6.配置httpd-vhosts.conf(/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra): # # Virtual Hosts # # If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your # machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations # use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about # IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below. # # Please see the documentation at # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/> # for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts. # # You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host # configuration. # # Use name-based virtual hosting. # NameVirtualHost *:8000 # # VirtualHost example: # Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container. # The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not # match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block. # <VirtualHost *:8000> ServerAdmin you@example.com ServerName 192.168.0.27 ServerAlias 192.168.0.27 ProxyPass / balancer://myCluster/ lbmethod=byrequests stickysession=JSESSIONID nofailover=Off ProxyPassReverse / balancer://myCluster/ ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.sm.com-error.log" CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.sm.com-access.log" common </VirtualHost> 我去掉了原有的配置,加上我新的配置,其中stickysession=JSESSIONID为一种session共享机制,关于这种机制,你可以去网上搜索了解。 6.按照以上配置你就已经完成:集群与session共享配置,如果你需要加上摘要认证,就看看下面配置。 7.给apache进行摘要认证,其实只需简单的两步即可: [list] [*]创建一个认证用户文件,进入apache2/bin,运行【./htdigest -c /usr/local/apache/conf/authuser/user.pwd "thinknet" thinknet】其中user.pwd表达认证用户文件、"thinknet"为AuthName、thinknet为用户名;Enter之后系统会提示你输入新密码与确认密码。 [*]在conf/httpd.conf文件中新增这节点: <Location /> SetHandler hello-bdb AuthType Digest AuthName "thinknet" AuthDigestProvider file AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/authuser/user.pwd Require valid-user </Location> 我是从这个网页得到的信息:[url]http://lsz1023-126-com.iteye.com/blog/2072066[/url] 8.以上apache摘要认证就已经配置完成了,这时你访问你那两个tomcat下的资源时需要提供用户名与密码进行摘要认证;如果你不知道什么是摘要认证或是只想給tomcat加上摘要认证请看看我写的这篇文章:[url]http://lsz1023-126-com.iteye.com/admin/blogs/2072066[/url] 9.最后为了在传输层过程中给请求响应信息加密,我们可以采用https;关于https的安装与配置稍后提供~ [/list]
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哈哈,博客排版真的漂亮呢~
[***.90.31.176]2024年03月18日 22时38分53秒
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